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Theory and Use of the EM Algorithm

Gupta, Maya R.·2010·Foundations and Trends® in Signal Processing

Abstract

This introduction to the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm provides an intuitive and mathematically rigorous understanding of EM. Two of the most popular applications of EM are described in detail: estimating Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), and estimating hidden Markov models (HMMs). EM solutions are also derived for learning an optimal mixture of fixed models, for estimating the parameters of a compound Dirichlet distribution, and for dis-entangling superimposed signals. Practical issues that arise in the use of EM are discussed, as well as variants of the algorithm that help deal with these challenges.

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Metadata

Authors
Gupta, M. R.
Venue
Foundations and Trends® in Signal Processing
Publisher
Emerald
Published
2010
Volume
4
Issue
3
Pages
223-296
ISSN
  • 1932-8346 (ISSN-L)
  • 1932-8354
OpenAlex
W4292080463
Cited by
272
References
4
FWCI
11.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Theory and Use of the EM Algorithm. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1561/2000000034
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Gupta, M. R. (2010). Theory and Use of the EM Algorithm. Foundations and Trends® in Signal Processing. https://doi.org/10.1561/2000000034

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.