The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 46 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect
Open accessAbstract
Journal of Anthropology and Archaeology is a peer-reviewed international journal, which publishes original papers promoting theoretical, methodological and empirical developments in the discipline of socio-cultural anthropology.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The article argues that the 1947 Radcliffe Award for Punjab was not a neutral boundary decision and that British officials, Congress leaders, and Sikh actors influenced the outcome against Muslim League claims. It presents the award as a major cause of mass violence, displacement, and lasting territorial disputes in Punjab.
Key findings
- Punjab’s population was described as 57% Muslim, 26% Hindu, and 14% Sikh; after partition, West Punjab received 16 of 29 districts while East Punjab/India received 13, according to the paper.
- The award assigned several Muslim-majority or claimed areas to India, including Ferozpur, Zira, Fazilka, Gurdaspur, Batala, Pathankot, Ajnala, Nakodar, and Jullundur; Gurdaspur is said to have been 51% Muslim. The Upper Bari Doab Canal was also handed to East Punjab.
- Radcliffe completed the award on 12 August, submitted it sealed on 13 August, and Mountbatten distributed copies on 16 August; the paper alleges political manipulation, pro-Congress bias, and that Radcliffe later burned Boundary Commission records and left Britain.
- Partition violence in Punjab is reported as killing about 200,000 to 300,000 people, with many more injured, displaced, or kidnapped; Sikhs had sought East Punjab up to the Chenab and their holy shrines, while the Muslim League sought Gurdaspur, Batala, and Pathankot.
Methods
- Historical and qualitative retrospective study, with no formal quantitative model or statistical analysis.
- Draws on official partition documents, Transfer of Power papers, Jinnah Papers, Boundary Commission minutes, correspondence, memoirs, and secondary historical accounts.
- Analysis is a narrative synthesis and critical interpretation of the Boundary Commission’s formation, terms of reference, proceedings, award, and political reactions.
Limitations
- The paper states no limitations.
- Evident from the text: heavy reliance on memoirs, official papers, and politically charged sources; no systematic source criticism or independent verification of manipulation claims; a strongly polemical tone; and no explicit discussion of alternative explanations or counter-evidence.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
43 Sources not found · 28 No basis given · 26 Own interpretation · 3 No full text of the sources · 1 Not checked yet
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bari Canal Doab took off from Madhopur Head works which was in non-majority Tehsil in Gurdaspur District.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“The Muslim majority Tehsil Ajnala in Amritsar District was also given to India 13 .”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Official Documents
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Furthermore, right after the submission of the Boundary Award he flew to Britain, while being responsible for the Award, he must have stayed until the implementation and demarcation of the Province.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Transfer of Power Papers
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But it irrigated most of the Muslim majority areas of the West Punjab but he handed it over to the East Punjab (India).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“But it irrigated most of the Muslim majority areas of the West Punjab but he handed it over to the East Punjab (India).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because of disturbances in the Punjab, British Administration changed the Plan and decided the Partition of India to be executed in August 1947.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Initially Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) President of All India Muslim League (AIML) was not in favor of the Partition of the Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Abid & Abid, 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, the council of AIML passed a resolution on June 9, 1947 in Delhi, in which they endorsed the partition as the only solution of Indian enigma.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Partition Plan and Formation of Boundary Commission:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gariwal, 1998
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In his Indian partition plan of 3 rd June he also announced the Partition of the Punjab into East and West Punjab on the basis of non-Muslim and Muslim majority parts respectively between India and Pakistan.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Introduction:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Official documents of Partition of Punjab, 1947
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Muslim League in its memorandum in the Boundary Commission suggested dividing the areas of Punjab on tehsil basis rather than on district basis.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Khan, 1973
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 41
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In the paper
“Lahore went to Pakistan, Amritsar with its golden temple to India (Collins &Lapirre, 1975).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Collins &Lapirre, 1975 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The Nakodar Tehsil and Jullundur itself in Jullundur District included in India (Official Documents).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Official Documents
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The districts of Gurdaspur, Lahore, Amritsar and Montgomery in the Bari Doab all were disturbed.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Agriculturally it was the richest part of the Punjab and overall it was Muslim majority area except Amritsar.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They later became more furious when they could not receive their holy shrines till Sheikhupura district.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No community contented on this Award.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Punjab was a Muslim majority Province with 57% of the Muslim majority but West Punjab received only 16 provinces of the Punjab out of 29.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Hypothesis:
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Boundary Commission under Sir Cyril Radcliffe (1899-1977) could not maintain it a neutral body to determine the Boundaries of the East and West Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Introduction:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The Boundary Commission is instructed to demarcate the Boundaries of the two parts of the Punjab on the basis of ascertaining the contiguous majority areas of Muslims and non-Muslims.In doing so it will also take into account other factors (Official documents of Partition of Punjab, 1947).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Partition Plan and Formation of Boundary Commission:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Official documents of Partition of Punjab, 1947
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In fact, INC and Hindu lobby were using Sikhs to get the best parts of the Punjab Province for Hindustan.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even, before his arrival in India Mountbatten had relations with Nehru and his family.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On 8 March 1947, INC passed a resolution in favor of Sikh demands regarding partition of the Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Sir Cyril Radcliffe only attended only two procedural meetings on 14 and 15 July 1947foot_4 and went to Bengal because he was also chairing the Bengal Boundary Commission.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites foot_4
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plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These charges particularly from the AIML side had a history, because since his appointment as Viceroy the Lord Mountbatten had pro Congress and anti-Muslim League sentiments.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lodhi, 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So the Muslims finally suffered, Pakistan deprived from its large, economically significant and strategic terrain.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lord Mountbatten requested Radcliffe and emphasized to finalize the Boundary Award before August 15, 1947 because of the massive disorder in the Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The final Radcliffe Award gave birth many issues and raised questions, which elevated the Sikh dilemmas.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attachment of Gurdaspur with India was basically a controversial scheme to provide the road access to the Indian troops to occupy the Kashmir valley.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the Muslim response throughout Punjab was abundantly aggressive against the Sikh demands.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They did not want to be part of Pakistan and live under Muslim domination.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“While Muslim League was claiming on the complete Lahore division and a part of the Jullundur division”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Johnson, 1953
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sikhs had feelings and hope for the June 3 Plan to achieve their demands but in vain.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lord Mountbatten had anti-Muslim League and pro-Hindu approach.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Malik Khizar Hayat Khan had tendered his resignation as the premier of the Punjab on 2 March.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Azad, 1986
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Even he wished that Radcliff must finalize the Award by August 10 th .But in response Cyril Radcliffe excused to manage it till August 10, 1947 however promised forAugust 12, 1947 (Transfer of Power Papers).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Transfer of Power Papers
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On August 12, Sir Radcliffe completed his work and submitted the sealed Award on August 13, 1947 to the Viceroy.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Anti-Pakistan demonstrations, which led to thirteen death and many injured, were held Lahore on 4 March communal disturbances spread to other parts of the province and there were major disturbances in Amritsar, Taxila and Rawalpindi (Azad, 1986).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Azad, 1986
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority community was killing minority community so that they must be migrated to their majority areas and made free the lands for their respective refugees.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Muslim League National Guards (MLNG), Shirimoni Akali Dal (SAD) and Rashtariya Sevik Swamik Sang (RSS) were found involved in the violence.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In fact he was reluctant to do survey in Punjab in the hottest month of June so he tried to delay the work for three or four weeks while the Lord Mountbatten was not ready to delay it for a single day (Azad, 1986).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Azad, 1986
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sikhs were not in majority in any district out of 29 Districts of Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The large scale migration of the minorities between both parts of the Punjab was directly connected with large scale massacre in the Province.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Here Radcliffe followed the natural boundary line of the river Ravi but ignored the Muslim population in majority and gave it to India (Collins &Lapirre, 1975).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Collins &Lapirre, 1975 source
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The horrifying situations of the Punjab spread the Hindu-Muslim enmity in the other parts of India.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Later, on August 16, 1947 the Lord Mountbatten distributed the copies of the Boundary Award in a meeting with the Indian Political Leadership.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three Tehsils of Ferozpur District Ferozpur, Zira and Fazilka which were included in Pakistan while Justice Muhammad Munir(1895Munir( -1979) ) and Din Muhammad endorsed it in final Award but were handed over to India.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The malpractice of the British administration of Punjab caused heavy blood-shed in the Province.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The British administration of Punjab committed malpractice.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sir Cyril Radcliffe had no such experience before but finally agreed to divide the 88 million Indian people.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Princes of the Sikh States Patiala, Faridkot and Nabha were also supporting the Sikh cause morally, politically, financially and logistically.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Anti-Pakistan demonstrations, which led to thirteen death and many injured, were held Lahore on 4 March communal disturbances spread to other parts of the province and there were major disturbances in Amritsar, Taxila and Rawalpindi (Azad, 1986).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Azad, 1986
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If Boundary Award by the Cyril Radcliffe is critically analyzed, no doubt it was an unfair and partial Boundary Award having no concern with facts, records and documentation.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Radcliffe was entirely unaware about Indian land and topography.
- Rests on an assumption: The Boundary Commission was intended to be neutral and judicial.
In the paper
“Furthermore, Justice Muhammad Munir the member of the Punjab Boundary Commission also observed the plan as follows: When I read the text of the Award I was stunned.A two-page document and a line on a map drawn as the fancy of its drawer dictated had divided the fourth largest country in the world.No reasons except one to which I shall presently refer, were given and no reference was made to the”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Official Documents
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“According to the telegram of August 11, 1947 Lord Mountbatten insisted the Governor of the Punjab to include Ferozpur and Zira Tehsils to India but initially according to the proper plan of partition these areas were the part of Pakistan (Lodhi, 1995).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lodhi, 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sikhs were wanted the East Punjab till Chenab to get their holy shrines of Nankana Sahib and further various fertile lands of the Canal colonies.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hindus and the Sikhs of the East Punjab both were responsible of the slaughtering and massacre of Muslims.The Hindu officials of the Sikh States planted the violence and equipped the Hindus and Sikhs with weapons and the training.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Hypothesis:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sharif Al Mujahid, Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah: Studies I Interpretation
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Justice Mehar Chand Mahajan (1889-1967) viewed about the Boundary Award in his autobiography: I was not inclined to accept the invitation as it seemed to me then that this commission was a farce and decision would be taken by the Viceroy himself (Cheema, 2006).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cheema, 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The implementation on such Award was infact the worst example of the British maladministration”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This unjust division of Punjab historically affected the region with the water, regional and territorial issues like Kashmir.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The British administration was responsible for this sort of partition and failed to contain the alarming situations and brutalities during partition in Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These stances increased the breeches among the indulged communities which igniting a large-scale violence and blood-shed in Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to the June 3 rd Plan of the Indian Partition, Boundary Commission was formed on July 12, 1947 to divide the Punjab into East and West Punjab between India and Pakistan respectively on the basis of Muslim majority and non-Muslim majority areas.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Hypothesis:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In case of Muslims they were afraid of exploitation from Hindus and Sikhs, because the economy of the Punjab was in the hands of the Sikhs and Hindus (Spate, 1947).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Spate, 1947 source
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“He more explained his point: I have hesitated long over those not inconsiderable areas east of the Sutlej River and in the angle of the Beas and Sutlej rivers in which Muslim majorities are found.But on the whole I have come to the conclusion that it would be I true interests of neither state to extend the territories of the West Punjab to a strip on the far side of the Sutlej and there are”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Johnson, 1953
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Before the announcement of the Boundary Award, Sikhs were threatening that they would turn more hostile and fiercer if the Radcliffe Award went against their interests in Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The case of the Sikhs was clear as they were struggling for their agricultural lands in the canal colonies (9 canal colonies) and superlative irrigation system of the West Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the provincial elections of 1946 Muslim League received heavy mandate in Punjab Assembly but later Governor of the Punjab E. Jenkins invited the Khizar Hayat Tiwana of Unionists Party with the collation of Akali Sikh and Congress to form its ministry in the Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Hypothesis:
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Historically it was a monopolized Award as many Muslim majority areas were given to India but not a single non-Muslim majority area was committed to Pakistan.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“But Allan Campbell Johnson (1913Johnson ( -1998) ) countered his logic explained why only Pakistan effected in this regard, not India (I bid)as no non-Muslim majority areas attached with Pakistan even not mistakenly.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites I bid
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On this Muslim League started heavy agitation, during January 1946 to mid-1947 the bloodiest agitation by the League was there in Punjab to pressurize the British administration to form the League Ministry.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Hypothesis:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“BhimSenSachar, the Finance Minister of the Punjab stated that the representatives of both communities Sikh and Hindu are free to work collaboratively in the Constituent Assembly on all concerned issues.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Hypothesis:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites WaheedAhmad, Punjab Story 1940-1947
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This reflects if INC could pressurize the British administration to manipulate the partition of Bengal, they must had altered the partition of the Punjab to get best and fertile agricultural tracts of the Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Boundary Commission at Work:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“INC used the Sikhs and received 13 districts in the East Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Hypothesis:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other hand, Muslim League wanted the Gurdaspur, Batala, Pathankot, etc. with Pakistan.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The unjustly demarcation increased the magnitude of the holocaust in Punjab.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“On the other hand, Cyril Radcliffe burnt the proceedings and the important record of the Boundary Commission, which were illogical and pointed fingers on his personality(Transfer of Power Papers).”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Transfer of Power Papers
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The INC leaders with the assistance of Sikh leadership and British establishment high jacked the proceedings of Boundary Commission which was working under Cyril Radcliffe.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Hypothesis:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Sikhs in reference to their demands were fully dependent on the Radcliffe Award.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Criticism on the Boundary Award:
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
Punjab's population was 57% Muslim, 26% Hindu, and 14% Sikh.
“Sikhs were the third largest community of the Punjab sharing14% of the population.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No one among the large communities of Punjab initially wanted partition; they wanted the complete province or the maximum.
“No one among large communities of the Punjab initially wanted the partition but wanted complete province or the maximum because of its topography and agrarian economy.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Gurdaspur was a Muslim majority area with 51% Muslim population.
“Gurdaspur was a Muslim majority area with 51% Muslim population but it handed over to India to provide the path to Kashmir to Indian forces.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The British administration of Punjab committed malpractice.
“The malpractice of the British administration of Punjab caused heavy blood-shed in the Province.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Radcliffe was entirely unaware about Indian land and topography.
“Radcliff was entirely unaware about Indian land and topography.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Boundary Commission was intended to be neutral and judicial.
“If the Award was judicial, it lacked every attribute of a judicial decision, and if it was political, why lay claim to justice, fairness and impartiality.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Partition Plan and Formation of Boundary Commission:
“Viceroy announced the Plan of Indian Partition on June 3 rd on All India Radio and right after the announcement, two Boundary Commissions for the Partition of the Punjab and the Bengal also set-up.”
§ Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect > Hypothesis:
“Boundary Commission was formed on July 12, 1947 to divide the Punjab into East and West Punjab between India and Pakistan respectively on the basis of Muslim majority and non-Muslim majority areas.”
Citations
Cites
The great divide: Britain--India--Pakistan
Hodson, H. V. (1971) · Atheneum eBooks · Cited by 79
The Partition of the Punjab and of Bengal
Spate, O. H. K. (1947) · The Geographical Journal · doi:10.2307/1789950 · Cited by 17 · cited 2×
“In case of Muslims they were afraid of exploitation from Hindus and Sikhs, because the economy of the Punjab was in the hands of the Sikhs and Hindus (Spate, 1947).”
The Partition of the Punjab, 1947 : a compilation of official documents
Sadullah, M. M. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10
(1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- [6]6. Khan, Muhamad Zafrullah, (1973).Agony of Pakistan, (Oxford: Kent Publications, 58. Minutes of the 18 th of the Viceroy"s Miscellaneous Meetings held on 13 th June, 1947, IOR L/P&J/16/117.
- [10]10. Azad, Abdul Kalam (1986). India Wins Freedom, 12 th Edition, (Hyderabad: Orient Longman Ltd), 200-201. Minutes of the Viceroy"s 54 th Staff Meeting held on the 8 th July, 1947 (Extract) IOR R/3/1/57.
- [11]11. Khan, Muhamad Zafrullah, (1973).Agony of Pakistan, (Oxford: Kent Publications, 59. Minutes of the second meeting of the Punjab Boundary Commission held on 14/7/1947 at 2:30 pm, BCP B File 3 Polit. Genl. /47, Ibid, 168. SardarBaldev Singh to Lord Mountbatten 2/6/1947, IOR R/3/1/156.
- [14]14. Azad, Abdul Kalam (1986). India Wins Freedom, 12 th Edition, (Hyderabad: Orient Longman Ltd), 200-201. Record of the Meeting of Swaran Singh and Evian Jenkins, 22/4/1947, IOR R/3/1/176. Transfer of power papers, Vol., XII, 290-291.
- [21]21. Lamb, Alister (2009). Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, 3 rd Impression, (Karachi: Oxford University Press), 113-114.
- [25]25. Lamb, Alister (2009). Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, 3 rd Impression, (Karachi: Oxford University Press), 113.
- [31]31. Lamb, Alister (2009). Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, 3 rd Impression, (Karachi: Oxford University Press), 114. Transfer of power papers, Vol. XII, 579.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Aryal, S. K., & Pulami, M. J. (2024) · The International Spectator · doi:10.1080/03932729.2024.2402468 · Cited by 5
“The rising populist narratives in India and Pakistan further complicate the regional security landscape, as political leaders invoke historical grievances to galvanise national-ist sentiments and justify aggressive postures.”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Jamil, B. E.
- Corresponding author
- Jamil, Busharat Elahi
- Venue
- REVIEW OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 2333-5718 (ISSN-L)
- 2333-5726
- OpenAlex
- W2910458850
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Review of History and Political Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › South Asian Studies and Diaspora
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › South Asian Studies and Conflicts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Colonial History and Postcolonial Studies
- Keywords
- Partition of India
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- Jamil, B. E. (2018). Radcliffe Award and the Dissection of the Punjab 1947: Partition Retrospect. REVIEW OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. https://doi.org/10.15640/rhps.v6n2a4
