Understanding the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination in older adults: a systems biology approach
Open accessAbstract
Annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended to decrease disease-related mortality and morbidity. However, one population that responds suboptimally to influenza vaccine is adults over the age of 65 years. The natural aging process is associated with a complex deterioration of multiple components of the host immune system. Research into this phenomenon, known as immunosenescence, has shown that aging alters both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system. The intricate mechanisms involved in immune response to influenza vaccine, and how these responses are altered with age, have led us to adopt a more encompassing systems biology approach to understand exactly why the response to vaccination diminishes with age. Here, the authors review what changes occur with immunosenescence, and some immunogenetic factors that influence response, and outline the systems biology approach to understand the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination in older adults.
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A biphasic time course of changes in NREM and REM sleep amount has been reported after inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits and endotoxin in rats, such that the initial increase in NREM and suppression in REM sleep were reversed at later time points.
“a biphasic time course of changes in NREM and REM sleep amount has been reported after inoculation with bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) in rabbits (544) and bacterial cell wall components (endotoxin) in rats (318), such that the initial increase in NREM and suppression in REM sleep were reversed at later time points.”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [318]
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References 103 · Cited by 127
- Authors
- Lambert, N. D., Ovsyannikova, I. G., Pankratz, V. S., Jacobson, R. M., & Poland, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Venue
- Expert Review of Vaccines
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 985-994
- ISSN
- 1476-0584 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-8395
- PMC
- PMC3514506
- OpenAlex
- W2155847407
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Expert Review of Vaccines (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U01AI089859)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- seasonal influenza vaccination, older adults, immunosenescence, vaccine response, aging immune system, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, immunogenetics, systems biology
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Seasons, T-Lymphocytes, Vaccination, Systems Biology, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Adaptive Immunity
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