Clinical Reliability and Usability of Smartphone Goniometers for Hip Range of Motion Measurement
Open accessAbstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to utilize the objective measurements and a survey questionnaire for assessing the intra- and inter-rater reliability, measurement time, and usability of a smartphone application type of goniometer to measure the hip joint angles. [Participants and Methods] Three examiners (physiotherapists) measured the hip joint range of motion using universal and smartphone goniometers on 30 daycare center rehabilitation patients. Reliability was calculated using the intra-class correlation coefficient. The examiners completed a questionnaire survey for assessing the usability of the goniometers. [Results] The intra-rater reliability was high, but the inter-rater reliability was low. Measurement times using the two instruments showed no difference. The usability questionnaire findings suggested that the smartphone goniometer was easier to use than the universal goniometer. [Conclusion] Reliability within the raters was high, but reliability among the raters was low. However, both goniometric devices provided a satisfactory range of motion measurement data when a single evaluator used the same device for all measurements.
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Numerous studies have emphasized that consistent and precise marker alignment significantly affects measurement absolute precision and reliability.
“Numerous studies have emphasized that consistent and precise marker alignment significantly affects measurement absolute precision and reliability [63].”
From Intra-Rater and Test–Retest Reliability of Kinovea for the Kinematic Analysis of Squatting in Healthy Active Women (2026) · cites this paper as [63]
The Discussion (page not available in our copy) says that a unified measurement axis is important for smartphone goniometer reliability and suggests that failure to fix the phone to the basic axis reduced reliability. It does not discuss marker alignment, establish a significant effect on absolute precision, or show that numerous studies reached that conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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References 19 · Cited by 10
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [12]Takeda Y Takeda H Watanabe N et al.: Usability and reliability of smartphone applications in range of motion measurement. Trans Jpn Soc Kansei Eng, 2020, 19: 369– 373.
- [14]Yonemoto K Ishigami S Kondo T: Range of motion display and measurement method. Rehabil Med, 1995, 32: 207– 217.
- [20]Katoh M Takahashi K Yamamoto Y et al.: Measuring joint range of motion in clinical practice. J Tokyo Phys Ther Chapter JPTA, 1999, 14: 9– 13.
- [22]Kumagai T Asano A Ida S: The ABC of hip range of motion assessment. Pt J, 2021, 55: 157– 163.
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- Authors
- Takeda, Y., & Furukawa, K.
- Affiliations
- Iwaki Yumoto Hospital: 6 Daiyama, Joban-Yumoto-cho, Iwaki City, Fukushima 972-8321, Japan
- IRYO Sosei University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Takeda, Yugo
- ORCID
- Furukawa, Katsuhiro
- Venue
- Journal of Physical Therapy Science
- Publisher
- Society of Physical Therapy Science
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 433-439
- ISSN
- 0915-5287 (ISSN-L)
- 2187-5626
- PMC
- PMC9170486
- OpenAlex
- W4282917931
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Physical Therapy Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hip disorders and treatments
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- hip range of motion, goniometry, intra-rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, measurement time, usability, physiotherapy assessment
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