CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 13Aldose Reductase and TaurineMuscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and Training

Effects of taurine supplementation in elite swimmers performance

Open access
Batitucci, Gabriela, Terrazas, Sara Ivone Barros Morhy, Nóbrega, Mariana Pereira, Carvalho, Flávia Giolo de, Papoti, Marcelo, Marchini, Júlio Sérgio, Silva, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da, Freitas, Ellen Cristini de·2018·Motriz: Revista de Educação Física
DOI 10.1590/s1980-6574201800010011
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

AIM Taurine is considered a semi-essential amino acid characterized by having various physiological functions in the body that modulate mechanisms of action involved in the muscle contraction process, increased energy expenditure, insulin signaling pathway, carbohydrate metabolism, and scavenging free radicals. These functions are crucial for aerobic exercise performance; thus, taurine supplementation may benefit athletes’ performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation on the resting energy expenditure and physical performance of swimming athletes. METHODS In a double-blind study, 14 male swimmers were randomized into two groups: the taurine group (n = 7) and the placebo group (n = 7), which received 3 g per day of taurine or placebo in capsules during 8 weeks. Resting energy expenditure, plasma taurine, physical performance, anthropometry, dietary consumption were measured and an incremental test was performed to determine their maximal front crawl swimming performances before and after the 8-week period. RESULTS The levels of serum taurine (p < 0.0001) and lactate (p = 0.0130) showed a significant increase in the taurine group; however, the other variables were not different. No changes were observed in the resting energy expenditure, mean speed performed, and the anaerobic threshold of the swimmers post-supplementation period. CONCLUSION Supplementation of taurine increased plasma concentrations of this amino acid, but did not lead to significant changes in food intake, rest energy expenditure, and athletes’ performance. However, the supplemented group presented a higher lactate production, suggesting a possible positive effect of taurine on the anaerobic lactic metabolism.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1590/s1980-6574201800010011

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Nitrate metabolism to nitric oxide requires oral cavity bacteria, and peak in blood occurs 2-3 h after ingestion.

    “However, nitrate metabolism to nitric oxide requires oral cavity bacteria [41] and peak in the blood occurs 2-3 h after ingestion [45]”

    From Dietary and Ergogenic Supplementation to Improve Elite Soccer Players’ Performance (2021) · cites this paper as [41]

    Citation [45] is attached to the claim that blood levels peak 2–3 hours after ingestion; the oral-bacteria claim is attributed to [41]. The Results report plasma taurine concentrations after eight weeks of supplementation, but our copy does not address a 2–3-hour blood peak after ingestion. Searches for that timing and for nitrate metabolism found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.77)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Dietary supplementation of nitrate through beet juice induces an increase in plasma nitrite concentration, subsequently increasing nitric oxide production.

    “Dietary supplementation of nitrate (NO3 -) through beet juice induces an increase in the concentration of nitrite (NO 2) in plasma [40] subsequently increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO) [41].”

    From Dietary and Ergogenic Supplementation to Improve Elite Soccer Players’ Performance (2021) · cites this paper as [41]

    The Results and Discussion report effects of taurine supplementation in swimmers, including increased plasma taurine and blood lactate; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. Searches for beet juice, dietary nitrate, plasma nitrite, and nitric oxide production found no passage addressing the cited claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 26

  1. De Luca A, Pierno S, Camerino DC. Taurine: the appeal of a safe amino acid for skeletal muscle disorders. J Transl Med. 2015;13:243.
  2. Huxtable RJ. Physiological actions of taurine. Physiol Rev. 1992;72(1):101-63.
  3. Vettorazzi JF, Ribeiro RA, Santos-Silva JC, Borck PC, Batista TM, Nardelli TR. Taurine supplementation increases K(ATP) channel protein content, improving Ca2+ handling and insulin secretion in islets from malnourished mice fed on a high-fat diet. Amino Acids. 2014;46, 2123-2136.
  4. Murakami S. Role of taurine in the pathogenesis of obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59:1353-1363.
  5. Kim J, Park J, Lim K. Nutrition Supplements to Stimulate Lipolysis: A Review in Relation to Endurance Exercise Capacity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2016;62(3):141-61.
  6. De Carvalho FG, Galan BSM, Santos PS, Pritchett K, Pfrimer K, Ferriolli E, Papoti M, Marchini JS, Freitas, EC. Taurine: A Potential Ergogenic Aid for Preventing Muscle Damage and Protein Catabolism and Decreasing Oxidative Stress Produced by Endurance Exercise. Front Physiol. 2017; 8:710.
  7. Sun M, Qian F, Shen W, Tian C, Hao J, Sun L, Liu J. Mitochondrial nutrients stimulate performance and mitochondrial biogen- esis in exhaustively exercised rats. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22(6):764-75.
  8. Barua M, Liu Y, Quinn MR. Taurine chloramine inhibits induc- ible nitric oxide synthase and TNF-α gene expression in activated alveolar macrophages: decreased NF-kβ activation and lkβ kinase activity. J Immunol. 2002;167:2275-81.
  9. Schuller-Levis GB, Park E. Taurine: new implications for an old amino acid. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003;226:195-202.
  10. Carneiro EM, Latorraca MQ, Araujo E, Beltrá M, Olivers MJ, Navarro M, Berná G, Bedoya FJ, Velloso LA, Soria B, Martin F. Taurine supplementation modulates glucose homeostasis and islet function. J Nutr Biochem. 2009;20:503-511.
  11. Bakker AJ, Berg HM. Effect of taurine on sarcoplasmic reticulum function and force in skinned fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the rat. J Physiol. 2002;538(1):185-194.
  12. Yatabe Y, Miyakawa S, Miyazaki T, Matsuzaki Y, Ochiai N. Effects of taurine administration in rat skeletal muscles on exer- cise. J Orthop Sci. 2003;8:415-419.
  13. Rodríguez F A, Mader A. Energy metabolism during 400 and 100- m crawl swimming: computer simulation based on free swimming measurement. In: Chatard J.C. (ed.), Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming IX, pp. 373-378. Saint-Étienne: Publications del'Université de Saint-Étienne [ISBN 2-86272-303-7], 2003.
  14. Kalva-Filho CA, Campos EZ, Andrade VL, Silva ASR, Zagatto AM, Lima MCS, Papoti M. Relationship of aerobic and anaerobic parameters with 400 m front crawl swimming performance. Biol Sport. 2015;32:333-337.
  15. Burke LM, Cox GR, Culmmings NK, Desbrow B. Guidelines for daily carbohydrate intake: do athletes achieve them? Sports Med. 2001;31(4):267-99.
  16. Rodrigues F, Mader A. Energy Systems in Swimming. In: Seifert L, Chollet D, Mujika I, editors. World Book of Swimming: From Taurine supplementation and swimmers performance. Science to Performance. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc.; 2011. pp. 224-54.
  17. Shao A, Hathcock JN. Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008;50(3):376-99.
  18. Weir JB. New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J Physiol. 1949;65(3):243-254.
  19. Deyl Z, Hyanek J, Horakova M. Profiling of amino acids in body fluids and tissues by means of liquid chromatography. J Chromat. 1986;379:177-250.
  20. Pereira R, Papoti M, Zagatto AM, Gobatto CA. Validation of two Protocols for Determination of Anaerobic Threshold in Swimming. Motriz: J. Phys. Ed. 2002;8:57-61.
  21. Papoti M, Vitório R, Araújo GG, Silva ASRD, Santhiago V, Martins LEB, Cunha SA, Gobatto CA. Determination of Force Corresponding to Maximal Lactate Steady State in Tethered Swimming. Int J Exerc Sci. 2009;2(4):269-279.
  22. Galloway SD, Talanian JL, Shoveller AK, Heigenhauser GJ, Spriet LL. Seven days of oral taurine supplementation does not increase muscle taurine content or alter substrate metabolism during pro- longed exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2008;105(2):643-51.
  23. Bakker AJ, Berg HM. The effect of taurine on sarcoplasmic reticulum function and contractile properties in skinned skeletal muscle fibers of the rat. J Physiol. 2002;538:185-194.
  24. Balshaw TG, Bampouras TM, Barry TJ, Sparks SA. The effect of acute taurine ingestion on 3-km running performance in trained middle-distance runners. Amino Acids. 2013;44(2):555-61.
  25. Beyranvand MR, Khalafi MK, Roshan VD, Choobineh S, Parsa SA, Piranfar MA. Effect of taurine supplementation on exercise capacity of patients with heart failure. J Cardiol. 2011;57,333-337.
  26. Keskinen KL, Komi PV, Rusko H. A comparative study of blood lactate tests in swimming. Int J Sports Med. 1989;10(3):197-201.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Batitucci, G., Terrazas, S. I. B. M., Nóbrega, M. P., Carvalho, F. G. D., Papoti, M., Marchini, J. S., Silva, A. S. R. D., & Freitas, E. C. D.
Affiliations
  • Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) (BR)
  • Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
  • Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
ORCID
Venue
Motriz: Revista de Educação Física
Publisher
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Published
2018-03-19
Volume
24
Issue
1
ISSN
  • 1415-9805 (ISSN-L)
  • 1980-6574
DOI
10.1590/s1980-6574201800010011
OpenAlex
W2789718274
Cited by
13
References
2
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
FWCI
0.70
Type
journal article
Language
pt
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Motriz Revista de Educação Física (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Aldose Reductase and Taurine
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
taurine supplementation, elite swimmers, swimming performance, resting energy expenditure, plasma taurine, lactate, freestyle swimming, dietary intake, amino acid supplementation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review