The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year.
Commodity Markets Outlook, April 2022: The Impact of the War in Ukraine on Commodity Markets
Open accessAbstract
The war in Ukraine has caused major supply disruptions and led to historically higher prices for a number of commodities. Most commodity prices are now expected to see sharp increases in 2022 and remain high in the medium term. The price of Brent crude oil is projected to average $100/bbl in 2022, a 40 percent increase from 2021. Non-energy prices are expected to rise by about 20 percent in 2022, with the largest increases in commodities where Russia or Ukraine are key exporters. Wheat prices in particular are forecast to increase more than 40 percent this year. While price pressures are expected to ease in 2023, commodity prices will remain much higher than previously expected. The outlook depends on the duration of the war and the severity of disruptions to commodity flows. A Special Focus section investigates the impact of the war on commodity markets and compares the current episode with previous price spikes. It finds that previous oil price spikes led to the emergence of new sources of supplies and reduced demand in response to efficiency improvements and substitution to other commodities. In the case of food, new land was made available for food production. For policymakers, a short-term priority is providing targeted support to poorer households facing higher food and energy prices. For longer-lasting solutions, they facilitate investment in new sources of zero-carbon energy.
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“the war may jeopardize the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 1 (No poverty), SDG 2 (Zero hunger), and DG 12 (Responsible consumption and production).”
From Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Security: Towards More Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems? (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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“rising metal prices are increasing renewable energy costs, which depend on metals such as aluminum and battery-grade nickel [11].”
From Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Security: Towards More Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems? (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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“During the first quarter of 2022, the World Bank’s Fertilizer Price Index climbed over 10% (q/q) to an all-time high in nominal terms [11].”
From Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Security: Towards More Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems? (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Surging energy costs, supply curtailments, and trade policies have pushed fertilizer prices up by 80% during 2021, reaching unseen levels since the 2008–2009 global financial crisis [11,76].”
From Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Security: Towards More Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems? (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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Cited by
Ben Hassen, T., & El Bilali, H. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11152301 · Cited by 745
Ukraine–Russia Conflict and Stock Markets Reactions in Europe
Das, B. C., Hasan, F., Sutradhar, S. R., & Shafique, S. (2023) · Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management · doi:10.1007/s40171-023-00345-0 · Cited by 58
The ‘Green War’: Geopolitical Metabolism and Green Extractivisms
Post, E., & Billon, P. L. (2024) · Geopolitics · doi:10.1080/14650045.2024.2385411 · Cited by 33
Aslam, F., Slim, S., Osman, M., & Tabche, I. (2022) · The Journal of Risk Finance · doi:10.1108/jrf-06-2022-0152 · Cited by 22
Baz, J. E., Evangelista, P., Jebli, F., & Sweeney, E. (2025) · International Journal of Operations & Production Management · doi:10.1108/ijopm-03-2024-0264 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- World Bank Group
- Corresponding author
- World Bank Group
- Venue
- World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks
- Publisher
- Washington, DC: World Bank
- Published
- 2022-03-28
- OpenAlex
- W4409458724
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks (publishedVersion)
- The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Market Dynamics and Volatility
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Physical Sciences › Energy › General Energy › Global Energy Security and Policy
- Keywords
- Russian invasion of Ukraine, commodity prices, oil prices, Brent crude oil, wheat prices, food prices, supply disruption, energy prices, price shocks, commodity substitution, household support
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