The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Commercial Games: The Virtual Combat Training Center Tutor and Simulation
Open accessAbstract
Game manuals and tutorial scenarios are insufficient for new players to learn games of deep complexity such as highly realistic tactical simulations of modern battlefields. Adding post-game after-action reviews improves the situation, but these typically do not provide guidance during the mission and tend to focus on quantitative feedback, rather than specifics about what the player did wrong and how to improve. Intelligent tutoring system (ITS) technology provides a higher level of interactivity and a more specific qualitative analysis to guide players during game play. This use of an AI technology is demonstrated with the integration of an ITS component with the tactical simulation Armored Task Force (ATF) resulting in a combined system called the the Virtual Combat Training Center (V-CTC). V-CTC simulates the Army's combat training center at Fort Irwin and its instructors, called observer / controllers. The ATF game itself was modified to send an event stream over TCP-IP sockets to the ITS component, which interprets the events and acts accordingly. V-CTC was originally intended for a military context: either classroom use, field instruction, or embedded deployment. However, in non-military games, tutors (or non-player characters acting in that role) may well enhance the gaming experience of players. Such players might otherwise become frustrated with learning very challenging games, or simply fail to appreciate the tactical possibilities and depth of strategy possible in a well-designed game.
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“In V-CTC, the Army's Fort Irwin combat training facility instructors, or observers/controllers, are mimicked.”
From Artificial Intelligence in the Military: An Overview of the Capabilities, Applications, and Challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [100]
In the citing paper
“A higher degree of engagement and a more in-depth qualitative analysis are provided by the intelligent teaching system (ITS) technology to aid players while playing.”
From Artificial Intelligence in the Military: An Overview of the Capabilities, Applications, and Challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [100]
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Cites
Towards a standard upper ontology
Niles, I., & Pease, A. (2001) · doi:10.1145/505168.505170 · Cited by 1,626
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Gordon, A. S., van Lent, M., van Velsen, M., Carpenter, P., & Jhala, A. H. (2004) · Cited by 54
Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Training and Tutoring
Lane, H. C., Core, M. G., van Lent, M., Solomon, S., & Gomboc, D. (2005) · Cited by 41
Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Training Superiority & Training Surprise
Braddock, J., & Chatham, R. E. (2001) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 20
Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation
Stottler, R., Jensen, R., Pike, B., & Bingham, R. (2006) · doi:10.21236/ada454493 · Cited by 9
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Murray, W. R. and Sams, M. (2004). Virtual Combat Training Center (V-CTC): An Intelligent Tutoring System + Tactical Simulation. In Interservice / Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference. 2004 Proceedings.
- Murray, W.R., Pease, A., and Sams, M. (2003). Applying formal methods and representations in a natural language tutor to teach tactical reasoning. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Brighton, UK: International Artificial Intelligence in Education Society.
Cited by
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Rashid, A. B., Kausik, A. K., Al Hassan Sunny, A., & Bappy, M. H. (2023) · International Journal of Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1155/2023/8676366 · Cited by 143
“Alternatively, these players might experience frustration while learning particularly challenging games or be unaware of the tactical alternatives and depth of strategy accessible in a well-designed game [100].”
BackgroundA Personalized Learning System for Parallel Intelligent Education
Tang, Y. G., Liang, J., Hare, R., & Wang, F. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2020.2965198 · Cited by 100
Easy Authoring of Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Synthetic Environments
Gilbert, S. B., Devasani, S., Kodavali, S. K., & Blessing, S. B. (2011) · Cited by 11
kNN-based adaptive virtual reality game system
Johnson, A., Tang, Y. G., & Franzwa, C. (2014) · IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC) · doi:10.1109/icnsc.2014.6819669 · Cited by 11
Jessy: A Conversational Assistant for Tutoring Digital Board Games
Allameh, M., & Zaman, L. (2021) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/3450337.3483496 · Cited by 8
Petroviča, S., & Pudāne, M. (2016) · Cited by 5
Enhancing Human Understanding through Intelligent Explanations
Mioch, T., Harbers, M., van Doesburg, W. A., & den Bosch, K. V. (2008) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85379-4_38 · Cited by 5
Intelligent Tutoring System Authoring Tools for Non-Programmers
Devasani, S. (2011) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-1095 · Cited by 4
The Development of Intelligent Tutoring System in The Military Schools
Kurniawan, B., Meyliana, M., Warnars, H. L. H. S., & Suharjo, B. (2022) · ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering · doi:10.17509/ajse.v3i3.57917 · Cited by 2
Intelligent tutoring system in army: A systematic literature review
Kurniawan, B., Meyliana, M., Warnars, H. L. H. S., & Suharjo, B. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0255652 · Cited by 1
Intelligent Tutoring System-Based Learning Model in The Military
Kurniawan, B., Meyliana, M., Warnars, H. L. H. S., & Suharjo, B. (2024) · International Conference on Informatics Engineering, Science & Technology (INCITEST) · doi:10.1109/incitest64888.2024.11121483
Interactive 3D visualizations for studying combat experiences and life cycles
Barkatov, I. V., Farafonov, V. S., Тюрін, В. О., Гончарук, С. С., Лозко, А. А., Марущенко, В. В., Корытченко, К. В., Barkatov, V. I., & Muravlyov, R. (2024) · International Workshop on Augmented Reality in Education (AREdu) · doi:10.55056/ceur-ws.org/vol-3844/paper05.pdf
Metadata
- Authors
- Murray, W.
- Corresponding author
- Murray, William
- Venue
- Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment
- Published
- 2006-06-20
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-71
- ISSN
- 2326-909X (ISSN-L)
- 2334-0924
- OpenAlex
- W197232185
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.24
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence in Games
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Games and Gamification
- Keywords
- intelligent tutoring systems, commercial video games, game tutorials, tactical simulation, military training simulation, Fort Irwin, non-player characters, player guidance
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