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Stress alters immune function and disease resistance in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Abstract
We examined the effects of acute stress on the immune system and disease resistance of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in laboratory and clinical trials. Immune function, as measured by the ability of lymphocytes from the anterior kidney to generate specific antibody-producing cells (APC) in vitro, was depressed 4 h after stress, when plasma cortisol levels were highest. At the same time, resistance to the fish pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum, was also depressed. Compared with controls, plasma cortisol and APC of stressed fish were unchanged after 24 h, and disease resistance was enhanced as evidenced by higher survival rate and longer mean time to death of mortalities. After 7 days, even though numbers of APC were depressed, plasma cortisol concentration and disease resistance did not differ from controls. This pattern was generally the same, independent of the type of stress applied: i.e. being held out of water in a dipnet for 30 s, manipulation during hatchery operations for 4 h, or transportation for 9 h. These and earlier findings suggest that similar endocrine-immune interactions operate in the mammalian and salmonid systems during acute stress. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 135–142
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“However, allostatic overload can also have a useful purpose for the preservation of the species, such as In migrating salmon or the marsupial mouse, which die of excessive stress after mating- the stress, and allostatic load, being caused for salmon, In part, by the migration up the rapidly flowing rivers, but also because of physiological changes that represent accelerated aging.12-14”
From Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain (2006) · cites this paper as [13]
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Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2006 · Cited by 5,429
BARTON, B. A., & Iwama, G. K. (1991) · Annual Review of Fish Diseases · doi:10.1016/0959-8030(91)90019-g · Cited by 2,113
McEwen, B. S. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.071 · Cited by 1,864
“Yet, some types of allostatic overload can also have a useful purpose for the preservation of the species, such as in migrating salmon or the marsupial mouse, which die of excessive stress after mating — the stress, and allostatic load, being caused for salmon, in part, by the migration up the rapidly flowing rivers b…”
BackgroundProtective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2006) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2006.8.4/bmcewen · Cited by 1,220
Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes
HEMRE, G.-I., Mommsen, T. P., & Krogdahl, Å. (2002) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2002.00200.x · Cited by 895
Metadata
- Authors
- Maule, A. G., Tripp, R. A., Kaattari, S. L., & Schreck, C. B.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- ORCID
- Tripp, R. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 1989-01-01
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 135-142
- ISSN
- 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6805
- OpenAlex
- W2035540083
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Keywords
- acute stress, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, immune function, disease resistance, cortisol, antibody-forming cells, Vibrio anguillarum, endocrine-immune interaction, fish handling stress, hatchery operations, transport stress
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Animals, Antibody-Producing Cells, Cell Count, Hydrocortisone, Immunity, Innate, Salmon, Stress, Physiological, Time Factors, Vibrio Infections
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