Briefing: GGBS and sustainability
Abstract
Concerns about climate change have heightened interest in sustainable construction materials. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag offers civil engineers a high-quality, environmentally-friendly material, which can replace much of the Portland cement used in concrete. This article looks at its manufacture and environmental impact and gives examples of its use.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Production of lime and cement consumes large amounts of limestone, electricity and heat, with 7500 J/ton of electricity consumed to make cement.
“Unfortunately, these two materials consume large amounts of limestone, electricity and heat in their production, with 7500 J/ton of electricity consumed to make cement [9].”
From Expansive Soil Stabilization Using Alkali-Activated Fly Ash (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Expansive Soil Stabilization Using Alkali-Activated Fly Ash
Wang, H., Liu, T., Yan, C., & Wang, J. (2023) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr11051550 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Higgins, D.
- Affiliations
- Cementitious Slag Makers Association (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Higgins, D.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 99-101
- ISSN
- 1747-650X (ISSN-L)
- 1747-6518
- OpenAlex
- W2132231272
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 9.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Materials Engineering and Processing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
- Keywords
- ground granulated blast furnace slag, sustainable construction materials, cement replacement, concrete, environmental impact, climate change mitigation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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