Cited by 19COVID-19 and Mental HealthCOVID-19 epidemiological studiesImpact of Technology on Adolescents

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Impatto del distanziamento sociale per covid-19 sul benessere psicologico dei giovani: una revisione sistematica della letteratura

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Minozzi, Silvia, Saulle, Rosella, Amato, Laura, Davoli, Marina·2021·Recenti Progressi in Medicina

Abstract

Introduzione. Nel primo semestre del 2020 quasi tutti i Paesi hanno realizzato misure rigide di distanziamento sociale, compresa la chiusura delle scuole, per contrastare la trasmissione dell’infezione da SARS-CoV-2. A tutt’oggi, pero, l’efficacia della chiusura delle scuole per ridurre la trasmissione dell’infezione nella comunità continua a non essere chiara e poco si sa dei potenziali effetti negativi sulla salute fisica e sul benessere psicologico dei giovani di tali misure, soprattutto se prolungate per lunghi periodi di tempo. Obiettivo. Sintetizzare i dati di una revisione sistematica sull’impatto della chiusura delle scuole e del lockdown avvenuto nel 2020 in risposta alla pandemia covid-19 sulla salute fisica e il benessere psicologico dei giovani; in questo contributo si riportano i risultati relativi all’impatto sul benessere psicologico. Metodi. È stata condotta una ricerca bibliografica su 11 banche dati fino al 1° settembre 2020 per individuare studi di coorte, indagini trasversali, studi non controllati e studi di modellizzazione. La qualità metodologica degli studi e stata valutata con scale validate. Risultati. Sono stati inclusi 64 studi, di cui 27 valutavano l’impatto sul benessere psicologico. Tutti gli studi sono stati condotti durante la prima ondata della pandemia e hanno valutato gli effetti a breve termine di misure di distanziamento implementate per periodi relativamente brevi. La maggior parte degli studi è stata condotta nel Regno Unito (37,6%) e in Cina (27%). Il 42,3% degli studi è stato giudicato di alta qualità. Due studi riportavano un aumento dei suicidi mentre due studi riferivano una riduzione degli accessi al Pronto Soccorso psichiatrico. Le richieste di valutazioni per sospetto maltrattamento sono marcatamente diminuite, probabilmente a causa di una riduzione delle segnalazioni più che della reale incidenza. La prevalenza di ansia negli adolescenti variava dal 19% al 64% e la depressione dal 22,3% al 43,7%. Nei bambini di 5-12 anni la prevalenza di ansia variava dal 19% al 78% e la depressione dal 6,3% al 22,6%. Nei bambini in età prescolare, alcuni studi evidenziavano un peggioramento dei disturbi del comportamento e dello stato emotivo mentre altri non evidenziavano cambiamenti. Conclusioni. La maggior parte degli studi evidenzia un peggioramento delle condizioni psicologiche, soprattutto fra gli adolescenti. Se la chiusura delle scuole e le misure limitanti le relazioni sociali proseguono per tempi molto lunghi, è da attendersi un effetto negativo ancora più marcato. Sono necessari ulteriori studi sull’effetto a lungo termine di misure restrittive implementate per periodi prolungati, così come una valutazione complessiva del bilancio fra benefici attesi in termini di riduzione del contagio ed effetti negativi sul benessere psicologico dei giovani.

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Metadata

Authors
Minozzi, S., Saulle, R., Amato, L., & Davoli, M.
Affiliations
Regione Lazio (IT)
Venue
Recenti Progressi in Medicina
Published
2021-05-01
Volume
112
Issue
5
Pages
360-370
ISSN
0034-1193 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3162974033
Cited by
19
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 1
FWCI
0.53
Type
journal article
Language
it
Open access
Locations
  • Recenti Progressi in Medicina (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing, school closures, psychological well-being, adolescents, anxiety, depression, suicide, child mental health, emotional and behavioral problems, physical health, harm-benefit analysis
MeSH terms
Physical Abuse, Physical Distancing, COVID-19, Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, Depression, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Infant, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Quarantine, Schools, Stress, Psychological, Suicide, Time Factors, Prevalence, Young Adult, Pandemics

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