The DOI matches its Crossref record; the references it cites are not checked yet.
Creating livelihoods through land redistribution: evidence from the one household-one hectare programme in Kokstad
Open accessAbstract
The South African land redistribution programme has been criticised for solely focusing on redistributing land for commercial farming while ignoring land demand for small-scale farming and settlement. This study reports on implementing the One Household-One Hectare (1HH-1H ) programme in two Kokstad beneficiary villages. The study's first objective was to understand how the programme implementation works on the ground. The other objective was to assess the capacity of the programme to create livelihoods. Our analysis was based on household survey data from 20 beneficiary household heads and two agricultural advisors. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings show that the programme implementation was need-based and was a joint effort by various government departments. The implementation led to a village setup, where each beneficiary household has a residential area for buildings, kraals and a garden in their one-hectare plot. The remainder of the land was shared as grazing common and forest, while the other arable land was used for cooperative farming and individual arable field lands. In general, beneficiaries were content with the programme’s implementation and reported a significant increase in their livestock herd and crop outputs. Additionally, beneficiaries now enjoy access to clean drinking water, irrigation water, and primary healthcare, among other benefits.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Youth-focused initiatives such as High Haven Farm and Batho Youth Empowerment illustrate the critical role of post-transfer training, infrastructure, and targeted support in enhancing local livelihoods.
“Youth-focused initiatives such as High Haven Farm and Batho Youth Empowerment illustrate the critical role of post-transfer training, infrastructure, and targeted support in enhancing local livelihoods (Zantsi and Mgidi, 2025; Yacim et al., 2026).”
From Over three decades of land distribution in South Africa: a review of progress, challenges and prospects (2026) · cites this paper as Zantsi and Mgidi, 2025
The Double Drift Community in the Eastern Cape, restored to 1,500 members, has evolved into a community-run ecotourism and game-farming enterprise, generating sustainable income while conserving biodiversity.
“The Double Drift Community in the Eastern Cape, restored to 1,500 members, has evolved into a community-run ecotourism and game-farming enterprise, generating sustainable income while conserving biodiversity.”
From Over three decades of land distribution in South Africa: a review of progress, challenges and prospects (2026) · cites this paper as Zantsi and Mgidi, 2025
Ravele CPA in Limpopo demonstrates gender-responsive governance, with women participating actively in leadership and profit-sharing.
“Ravele CPA in Limpopo demonstrates gender-responsive governance, with women participating actively in leadership and profit-sharing, highlighting the importance of intersectional inclusion.”
From Over three decades of land distribution in South Africa: a review of progress, challenges and prospects (2026) · cites this paper as Zantsi and Mgidi, 2025
Public-private partnerships, agri-hubs, and technical extension services demonstrate localised improvements in productivity, livelihoods, and food security, particularly when combined with gender- and youth-focused interventions.
“Public-private partnerships, agri-hubs, and technical extension services demonstrate localised improvements in productivity, livelihoods, and food security, particularly when combined with gender- and youthfocused interventions (Zantsi and Mgidi, 2025; Yacim et al., 2026).”
From Over three decades of land distribution in South Africa: a review of progress, challenges and prospects (2026) · cites this paper as Zantsi and Mgidi, 2025
Citations
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 30 · Cited by 4
Research works printed but not linked: 27
- ALIBER, M. & COUSINS, B., 2013. Livelihoods after land reform in South Africa. J. Agrar. Change., 13(1): 140–165. · DOI · Paper page
- BEINART, W., MNWANA, S. & WOTSHELA, L., 2020. Land reform, rural inequality and agrarian change: the case of Isidenge, Stutterheim, Eastern Cape. Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa, 102: 27-48. · DOI
- BINSWANGER-MKHIZE, H.P., 2014. From failure to success in South African land reform. Afr. J. Agric. Resour. Econom., 9(4): 253–69.
- BONTI-ANKOMAH, S., 2001. The social benefits of land redistribution in South Africa—case studies. Agrekon., 40(1): 76-86. · DOI
- BRADSTOCK, A., 2006. Land reform and livelihoods in South Africa’s Northern Cape province. Land Use Policy., 23: 247–259. · DOI
- CHAMBERS, R., 1994. The Origins and Practice of Participatory Rural Appraisal. World Develop., 22(7): 953-969. · DOI · Paper page
- CONRADIE, B., 2019. Land use and redistribution in the arid west: The case of Laingsburg Magisterial District. Agrekon., 58(3): 281-291. · DOI
- DE WET, C., 1995. Moving together. Drifting apart: Betterment planning and villagisation in a South African homeland. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
- HALL, R., 2010. Reconciling the Past, Present, Future: The Parameters and Practices of Land Restitution in South Africa. In C. Walker, A. Bohlin, R. Hall & T. Kepe (eds.), Land, Memory, Reconstruction and Justice: Perspectives on Land Claims in South Africa. Ohio University Press, pp. 17-40. · DOI
- HART, T.G.B., 2012. How rural land reform policy translates into benefits. Develop. Southern Africa., 29(4): 563-573. · DOI
- HEBINCK, P., SMITH, L. & ALIBER, M., 2023. Beyond technocracy: The role of the state in rural development in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Land Use Policy., 126(2023): 106527. · DOI
- MALOPE, P. & BATISANI, N., 2008. Land reforms that exclude the poor: The case of Botswana. Develop. Southern Africa., 25(4): 383-397. · DOI
- MAMABOLO. M., CHAMINUKA, P. & MACHETHE C., 2022. Temporal and spatial variation of income diversification strategies among rural households in South Africa. Develop. Southern Africa., 39(3): 372-387. · DOI
- MARCUS, T., EALES, K. & WILDSCHUT, A., 1996. Down to earth: Land demand in the new South Africa. Durban: Indicator Press.
- NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION [NPC]., 2012. An integrated and inclusive rural economy. Chapter Six of the National Development Plan 2030.
- LIEBENBERG, F., 2013. South African agricultural production, productivity and research performance in the 20th Century. Doctoral thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
- LONG, N., 2001. Development Sociology: Actor Perspectives. London: Routledge.
- PUTTERGILL, C., BOMELA, N., GROBBELAAR, J. & MOGUERANE, K., 2011. The limits of land restitution: Livelihoods in three rural communities in South Africa. Develop. Southern Africa., 28(5): 597-611. · DOI
- RYAN, J., 2017. Examining land reform in South Africa: Evidence from survey data. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town.
- RUSENGA, C., 2019. The agribusiness model in South African land reform? Land Use implications for the land reform beneficiaries. Agrarian South: J. Political Econ., 8(3): 440–461. · DOI
- RUSENGA, C., 2020. Setting them up to fail: Enforcement of the agribusiness model on land reform projects in South Africa. Rev. Afr. Political Econ., 47(165): 382-398. · DOI
- SHARAUNGA, S. & MUDHARA, M., 2021. Analysis of livelihood strategies for reducing poverty among rural women’s households: a case study of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. J. Int. Dev., 33: 127–150. · DOI
- XABA, B.M., 2020. South African land question and the dilemma of land expropriation without compensation: A critical examination. In A.O. Akinola, K. Kaseeram & N.N. Jili (eds.), The new political economy of land reform in South Africa. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. · DOI
- ZANTSI, S., MACK, G. & MANN, S., 2020. Cultural innovation, aspirations and success among smallholders in former homelands of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Theory and evidence. Int. J. Soc. Econ., 47(3): 404–422. · DOI
- ZANTSI, S. & GREYLING, J.C., 2021. Land redistribution in South Africa’s land reform policy: A better way to select beneficiaries. Agrekon., 60(2): 108-127. · DOI · Paper page
- ZANTSI, S., MACK, G. & VINK, N., 2021. Towards a viable farm size – determining a viable farm household income for emerging farmers in South Africa’s land redistribution programme: An income aspiration approach. Agrekon., 60(2): 91-107. · DOI
- ZANTSI, S., MAZWANE, S. & GREYLING, J.C., 2022. Determinants of potential land reform beneficiaries’ willingness to relocate from their former homeland homestead farms to commercial farms. S. Afr. Geogr. J., 104(2): 213-230. · DOI
Metadata
- Authors
- Zantsi, S., & Mgidi, S.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Council of South Africa (ZA)
- ORCID
- Zantsi, S.
- Venue
- South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE)
- Publisher
- Academy of Science of South Africa
- Published
- 2025-01-15
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 86-105
- ISSN
- 0301-603X (ISSN-L)
- 2413-3221
- OpenAlex
- W4407605830
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir landbouvoorligting/South African journal of agricultural extension (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Land Rights and Reforms
- Social Sciences › Development › Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agricultural Innovations and Practices
- Keywords
- land redistribution, livelihoods, smallholder farming, settlement, program implementation, livestock herds, cooperative farming
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
