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Gustav Metzger: Iconoclasm and Interdisciplinarity
Open accessAbstract
Gustav Metzger (1926–2017) has been described as ‘the conscience of the art world’ for the consistently political content of his art and his commitment to political activism on the subject of nuclear weapons, capitalism and environmentalism. Metzger’s artistic output from the late 1950s onwards reflects a theory of art as both aesthetic form and social action and identifies him as a key precursor of activist art. This article considers the inherent interdisciplinarity of Metzger’s practice as it evolved during this early period between the late 1950s and early 1970s in relation to his agenda of social engagement.
Overview
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TL;DR
This article traces Gustav Metzger’s auto-destructive and auto-creative art from 1959 to the mid-1970s, arguing that his manifestos, lecture/demonstrations, and interdisciplinary projects made him a key precursor of activist and socially engaged art. It shows how Metzger sought to align art with science, engineering, architecture, and left-wing politics against capitalism, war, and the autonomous art object.
Key findings
- Metzger published his first *Auto-Destructive Art* manifesto on 4 November 1959 and had produced five manifestos by 1964. Auto-destructive art was defined as public art for industrial societies, with a limited lifespan, collaboration with scientists and engineers, and an anti-capitalist, anti-war message.
- His lecture/demonstrations became a primary vehicle for testing and disseminating his ideas, from the Temple Gallery in June 1960 to the Architectural Association in 1965 and the “Chemical Revolution in Art” in Cambridge in November 1965. The article claims these pre-dated Robert Morris’s *21.3* (1964), Joseph Beuys’s *Information Action* (1972), and Dan Graham’s *Performer/Audience/Mirror* (1975).
- Metzger organised or co-organised interdisciplinary forums, including the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS) in September 1966 with John Sharkey, whose first press release in April 1966 aimed to bring together artists, writers, psychologists, sociologists, and other scientists. In April 1969 he became founding editor of *PAGE*, the bulletin of the Computer Arts Society.
- Key works and proposals include the South Bank auto-destructive demonstration on 3 July 1961, using acid action painting on nylon (height 7', length 12'6", depth 6', corroding within 15 seconds); *Five Screens with Computer* (1965–9), with five walls about 30 feet high, 40 feet long, and 2 feet deep, each containing 10,000 elements randomly ejected over ten years; and the 1968 Swansea filtration-lab kinetic sculptures.
Methods
- Historical and critical art-historical study rather than an empirical or quantitative paper. It draws on Metzger’s manifestos (1959–64), lecture typescripts such as the 1965 Architectural Association lecture, DIAS press material, *PAGE* issues, interviews (e.g., Phillpot and Metzger 1997; Stiles 1987), and secondary sources.
- The analysis is chronological and thematic, reconstructing Metzger’s development from 1959 to 1974 through auto-destructive/auto-creative art, lecture/demonstrations, interdisciplinary collaborations, and institutional interventions.
- It situates Metzger interpretively within avant-garde, Constructivist, Bauhaus, New Tendencies, and activist art contexts.
Limitations
- The paper states no limitations.
- Evident from the text: there is no explicit methodology or limitations section, and the account relies heavily on Metzger’s own manifestos and interviews plus secondary accounts such as Stiles (1987), so claims about influence and intent are interpretive rather than independently tested.
- Evident from the text: the scope is largely Metzger-focused and chronological, with limited systematic comparison to other artists or movements beyond brief references.
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Claims the paper makes
104 No basis given · 100 Sources not found · 68 Own interpretation · 51 Own result · 24 Not checked yet · 1 No full text of the sources
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“They had come for one of his lecture/demonstrations on autodestructive artthe theory and practice of which he had been propounding since the early 1960s.”
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In the paper
“where he encountered the writings of Willhelm Reich 3”
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- Not matchedcites [3]
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“which developed over the following decade”
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In the paper
“Moholy-Nagy in particular was an important reference point for Metzger”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1969, 108
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“He became increasingly involved in political activism, specifically in direct action and other forms of resistance to the developments of post-war capitalist society.”
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In the paper
“who introduced his first demonstration of auto-destructive art at the Temple Gallery in June 1960.9”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
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“In 1957, he brought together sacred artefacts that had been mutilated and defaced during a period of iconoclasm between the English Reformation in the 1530s and the Commonwealth of 1649-1660”
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“Metzger's targets ranged from the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the chaos of Cold War politics to the commodification of art.”
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“In a seminal article on automata written in 1969, Metzger quoted Moholy-Nagy:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1969, 108
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“but it was”
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- Not matchedcites [7]
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In the paper
“His activities have encompassed editorial work and political activism, curating and organising symposia, writing and research alongside innovative artistic forms including performative lecture/demonstrations, kinetic sculpture and some of the earliest light projections in the UK.”
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In the paper
“He discovered Eric Gill's anti-capitalist writings on art and industrial society, which inspired him to seek work as a gardener at Harewood in 1943, then at Champneys,”
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“There, he was involved with a Trotskyist workers' union and absorbed the theories of Marx and the philosopher and”
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“In his early twenties, working in a furniture factory in Leeds, he became immersed in radical left-wing politics.”
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“Between 1960-65, the lecture/demonstration became Metzger's primary vehicle for both testing his ideas and reaching an audience.”
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In the paper
“mirror the compulsive perfectionism of arms manufacture.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1960
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In the paper
“Bomberg encouraged wide-ranging interests in art and architecture, and gave Metzger a thorough grounding in the history of modernism.”
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In the paper
“He established the King's Lynn CND group”
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“He set up a studio in an old warehouse, supporting himself as a second-hand book and furniture dealer.”
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“In 1953, Metzger left Bomberg's circle and moved to King's Lynn.”
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“The requested help was not forthcoming”
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“In an article published in 1962, Metzger went further:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1962a
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“It borrowed the event-structure of performance art”
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“He was heavily involved in the Direct Action Committee Against Nuclear War”
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“for the seminal exhibition, This is Tomorrow, at the Whitechapel Gallery in London in 1956.”
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“spearheaded the King's Lynn North End Protest against the gentrification of the town's traditional fishing quarters.”
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“and unadulterated by the artist except insofar as having displayed them with the aim of emphasizing their formal qualities.”
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“Through Reich, he read Freud.”
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In the paper
“Auto-destructive art would achieve this through”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1960
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“Auto-destructive art could be”
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“It had a limited lifespan; it could last seconds or decades, but it was not permanent, instead harnessing processes of change.”
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“He moved to Bristol in 1944 and spent six months in an anarchist community”
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“The first exhibition was little more than a display of posters (there were twelve different designs) for the seminal exhibition, This is Tomorrow, at the Whitechapel Gallery in London in 1956.”
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In the paper
“as a continuation, an extension of Bomberg's.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Phillpot and Metzger, 1997c
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plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“demonstrate man's power to accelerate disintegrative processes of nature and to order them,”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1960
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In the paper
“He was a co-founder of the Committee of 100”
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“Between 1945-53, Metzger studied with the artist David Bomberg at Borough Polytechnic in London.”
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“to produce installations that incorporated new and massproduced materials, images and objects”
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In the paper
“In the sprit of the Constructivists, Metzger put cross-disciplinary collaboration at the heart of his manifesto:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1959
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- Rests on an assumption: The closer integration of artists with science and industry was a fundamental tenet of Constructivism.
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“Metzger visited the exhibition repeatedly”
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“Organised by the architect and writer Theo Crosby with members of the Independent Group”
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“On 4 November 1959, Metzger published his first manifesto.”
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In the paper
“a profound interaction between my ongoing development as an artist and my status as a favourite of Bomberg”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Phillpot and Metzger, 1997c
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plainstates an associationSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“On display were a selection of discarded pieces of cardboard, presumed television packaging, cut and folded by machine for a strict purpose”
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“working in collaboration as twelve small, interdisciplinary groups”
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“he gradually abandoned traditional techniques and materials, and began to move away from the production of actual objects.”
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“the exhibition included over forty artists, architects, designers and theorists”
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In the paper
“It was printed on a broadsheet produced to accompany the exhibition of Cardboards, selected and arranged by G. Metzger at 14 Monmouth Street, London.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“auto-destructive art was to”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1960
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“involved”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“took part in the 1959 Aldermaston March.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in an exhibition entitled Treasures from East Anglian Churches presented in the Crypt at Clifton House, also on Queen Street, as part of the King's Lynn Arts Festival.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In another technique, black ink droplets fell into slide-shaped vials wedged between the projector bulb and lens and filled with water mixed with glycerine to slow down the dispersal of the ink.Metzger varied the effects by moving the lens forward and back.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“included an elaborate installation of all his Cardboards, several Bags suspended from the ceiling and a miscellany of metal 'forms' plundered from skips around the university.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead of a photographic slide, Metzger inserted a slide covered with nylon and painted with hydrochloric acid, so that the process of dissolving nylon was magnified and illuminated by the light of the projector.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
““Auto-destructive art seeks to be an instrument for transforming people's thoughts and feelings, not only about art, but wants to use art to change peoples' relation to themselves and society” Metzger told an audience assembled at the Architectural Association in 1965 (1965, 3).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1965]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His second lecture/demonstration, hosted by Cambridge University Heretics Society at Trinity College in 1960”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In 2009, Metzger recalled, “I was very aggressive putting the acid onto that nylon ... it was partly me attacking the system of capitalism, but inevitably also the systems of war, the warmongers, and destroying them in a sense symbolically.”12”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The third manifesto, dated 23 June 1961, began by reiterating the aesthetic principles of the first manifesto.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1961
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“both auto-destructive art and auto-creative art, according to Metzger, aimed”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1961
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Echoing the format of the first manifesto, Metzger moved swiftly on to introduce Auto-Creative Art in the fourth line.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“He used the circuit board in combination with laboratory tubes partially filled with glycerine:”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He also covered the walls of the hall with the pages of that day's newspapers.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He presented audiences with techniques still in development and ideas as detailed propositions for unrealised (and unrealisable) public art works”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That year, at a benefit event for the ICA held at the Theatre Royal in Stratford, London, organised by the artists Mark Boyle and John Latham, Metzger used three large theatre projectors and a rear projector to project a variety of images simultaneously or in quick succession onto a large screen that spanned the entire stage.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In February 1963, he incorporated his first light projection in a lecture at the Bartlett School of Architecture.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Information Action (1972)which Metzger attends”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“auto-creative art was described as”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1961
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Among the techniques he demonstrated, a circuit board used to build electronic equipment, was dipped in water and sprayed with graphite then inserted into the projector, which resulted in a”
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“After the performance by Hermann Nitsch at St Brides Institute on Fleet Street, on 15 September 1966, Metzger and his fellow organiser John Sharkey were charged with 'having unlawfully caused to be shown a lewd and indecent exhibition.' 23”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“After the performance by Hermann Nitsch at St Brides Institute on Fleet Street, on 15 September 1966, Metzger and his fellow organiser John Sharkey were charged with 'having unlawfully caused to be shown a lewd and indecent exhibition.' 23”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [23]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the broadsheet produced to accompany the exhibition, Metzger defined his role as a coordinatorimplying a rather more objective relationship to the art than that of the artist.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to avoid any conflict with his role as organiser, Metzger gave himself the title of honorary secretary, and did not participate as an artist, except to chair discussions.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Berke was a key figure in the anti-psychiatry movement who had also delivered a paper at DIAS.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When Metzger arrived in the first week of January 1968, ten days before the festival opened, he found a newly-built filtration lab in the Chemical Engineering Department, and with Plant's help, enlisted the support of the departmental technicians, and moved in.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Their trial at the Old Bailey coincided with the Dialectics congress although Metzger managed to attend part of the congress and it was there he met a young student, John Plant, who invited Metzger to take part in an arts festival he was organising at the University of Swansea in the new year.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Their trial at the Old Bailey coincided with the Dialectics congress although Metzger managed to attend part of the congress and it was there he met a young student, John Plant, who invited Metzger to take part in an arts festival he was organising at the University of Swansea in the new year.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When Metzger arrived in the first week of January 1968, ten days before the festival opened, he found a newly-built filtration lab in the Chemical Engineering Department, and with Plant's help, enlisted the support of the departmental technicians, and moved in.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Plant would bring groups of visitors to the lab both during the day and at night, and Metzger would orchestrate a variety of interactive aesthetic experiences for his audience.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The majority of its participants were pioneers of interdisciplinary practice, and included a high proportion of visual artists who had been instrumental in the development of event-structured art that drew on dance and theatre techniques, such as Happenings, Fluxus, Events, Actions and Concrete Poetry.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In his opening speech at the symposium, Metzger listed the following topics for discussion”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1966b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger envisaged DIAS as a catalyst for a movement; follow-up events were planned and Metzger produced at least two DIAS bulletins in the months following the symposium.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Their trial at the Old Bailey coincided with the Dialectics congress although Metzger managed to attend part of the congress and it was there he met a young student, John Plant, who invited Metzger to take part in an arts festival he was organising at the University of Swansea in the new year.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to avoid any conflict with his role as organiser, Metzger gave himself the title of honorary secretary, and did not participate as an artist, except to chair discussions.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Their trial at the Old Bailey coincided with the Dialectics congress although Metzger managed to attend part of the congress and it was there he met a young student, John Plant, who invited Metzger to take part in an arts festival he was organising at the University of Swansea in the new year.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which had been commissioned by Peter Townsend for Studio International.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The lab facilities included powerful water jets, a continuous supply of compressed air, natural and artificial light, heat, and access to various chemical compounds and minerals.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger envisaged DIAS as a catalyst for a movement; follow-up events were planned and Metzger produced at least two DIAS bulletins in the months following the symposium.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In February 1968, Metzger returned to London to begin work on a”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When Metzger arrived in the first week of January 1968, ten days before the festival opened, he found a newly-built filtration lab in the Chemical Engineering Department, and with Plant's help, enlisted the support of the departmental technicians, and moved in.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He choreographed interactions between elements such as water, heat and graphite to create aesthetic experiences based on physical phenomena such as the Leidenfrost effect, or direct currents of compressed air to make large panels of polystyrene 'levitate'.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“namely the threat of destruction through the misuse of developing technologies and the problematic relationships between art, technology and capitalism.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He did so this time through thorough and painstaking scholarly research”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There is a tendency for the artist to submit to and be overwhelmed by the tremendous opportunity, challenge, excitement, and power of the new media.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There exists a great danger that the artist will be eaten up by big business and manipulated by technology.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Despite a heady mood of”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Karba, which was commissioned by Harald Szeeman for Documenta 5”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“He gave the following reason:”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 1974, Metzger was invited to take part in the exhibition”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the exhibition catalogue, in lieu of a material contribution, he chose to call for an art strike: Years Without Art 1977-80.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“took place in November 1965”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is a moral crisis and hinges on the artist's social responsibility.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Part I, published in March 1969”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the group did little, but produced a manifesto, Harmony (1970), which remained unpublished until recently (Fisher, 2014).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mathematicians, scientists, artists, engineers, musicians, priests, astronomers, princes, skilled men from scientific instrument makers to goldsmiths, worked in collaboration.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As it was a small, labour-intensive operation, Metzger assumed the roles of designer, typesetter and printer as well as editor and occasional contributor.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This allowed him to make experimental artworks using early Plotters (inkjet printers), and to write and lecture on creative applications of the technology”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Much of its limited space was devoted to news, reviews and listings.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stockholm June, a proposal drafted in response to the first UN Environmental Conference in Stockholm in 1972”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In a broadsheet that was handed out to bystanders at the event, also known as his third manifesto, which included his third manifesto Auto-Destructive Art Machine Art Auto-Creative Art alongside the first two manifestos”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1961
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but not actually realized.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The launch of PAGE coincided with the inaugural meeting of the British Discussions centred around the crisis of confidence and ethical issues in science, the impact of the H-bomb, and revolution.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger went on strike alone.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Whilst more and more scientists are investigating the threats that science and technology pose for society, artists are being led into a technological kindergarten,”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“inviting other artists and international groups to edit individual issues”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This allowed him to make experimental artworks using early Plotters (inkjet printers), and to write and lecture on creative applications of the technology”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“When the IUA withdrew its support at the last minute”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“including ten different light projection techniques”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and contribute to group exhibitions.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and included in the exhibition catalogue”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“PAGE 24 [July 1972] simply included a fullpage reproduction of the Sunday Times cover with a picture of a limb-less young victim of the Vietnam war”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger oversaw the first 27 issues of PAGE before stepping down in December 1972.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Metzger went ahead with the event, helped by a team of architecture students.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Despite a heady mood of”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“architecture student Robin Nicholson was responsible for organising the event”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“That would be catastrophic.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He continued to attend BSSRS events such as The Social Impact of Modern Biology conference in November 1970, where he made the following statement:”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Discussions centred around the crisis of confidence and ethical issues in science, the impact of the H-bomb, and revolution.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite this, he continued to lecture on the subject of”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Initially a modest, double-sided A4 sheet, PAGE's primary purpose was”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The front page was filled with columns of numbers, a comprehensive list that Metzger had compiled of every article and news item containing the term 'social responsibility' that had appeared to date in the communications of the Association of Computing Machinery and associated Journal of the Association of Computing Machinery, and the magazine Computers and Automation.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“focused largely on the position of artists in relation to technology in the twentieth century”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Architectural Association hosted an exhibition of Metzger's Unrealizable Disintegrative Architecture and Other Projects in April 1972.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Soon after the ICA benefit, Metzger was invited to give a second lecture/demonstration in Cambridge, this time at the invitation of the student-run Society of Arts.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“which remained unpublished until recently (Fisher, 2014).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (Fisher, 2014)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“introducing whimsical features such as”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The revolutionary significance of [groups like The Atomic Scientists of Chicago] lies in having established the principle where each profession warns society about those dangers of which it has specialized knowledge.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is evident that of all artists, those engaged with science and technology must take a lead in this crucial new form of social agitation.”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“PAGE 11, for example, featured an article by Metzger entitled”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1970d
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As it was a small, labour-intensive operation, Metzger assumed the roles of designer, typesetter and printer as well as editor and occasional contributor.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“He summed up bluntly:”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“where he made the following statement:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The 'scientist's backlash,' with its origins in”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Technique.3 nylon canvases coloured white black red are arranged behind each other, in this order.Acid is painted, flung and sprayed onto the nylon which corrodes at point of contact within 15 seconds”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1961
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“contextualised within a social history of automata and mechanical art”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Hot on it's heels, in September 1966, Metzger and the poet John Sharkey organised the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS): a ground-breaking, two-day symposium and month-long programme of events which ran from 31 August -30 September 1966.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In April 1969, Metzger became the founding editor of PAGE, the bulletin of the newly formed Computer Arts Society, and in May 1969, Metzger travelled to the International Symposium on Computers and Visual Research in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, with the cybernetician Gordon Hyde and art and technology critic Jonathan Benthall, to deliver a manifesto”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first, a modest day-long event in May 1966 at Ravensbourne College, was entitled “Creation, Destruction and Chemical Change.””
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Invitees were largely left-leaning scientists and intellectuals, including Ravetz, Dickson and Peter Harper, founder of the Centre for Alternative Technology.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It involved mostly artists and writers, including Mark Boyle, Dom Sylvester Houédard, John Latham and Ivor Davies.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Society for Social Responsibility in Science (BSSRS) in April 1969, which Metzger attended.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger was the only artist present.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger brought some liquid crystal samples that he'd obtained from the chemical company, Merck”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Nicholson made contact with the protein chemist and immunologist Arnold Feinstein through his Feinstein's wife, the poet Elaine Feinstein.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [16]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was around this time that Metzger became heavily involved in the 'Art and Science' and 'New Science' sub-groups of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science (BSSRS).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Hot on it's heels, in September 1966, Metzger and the poet John Sharkey organised the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS): a ground-breaking, two-day symposium and month-long programme of events which ran from 31 August -30 September 1966.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger decided the event in Cambridge was his opportunity to pursue something he'd read about liquid crystals in the August 1964 issue of Scientific American”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Metzger described Snow's lecture as a decisive moment both for his own development and in the wider cultural context of the 1960s.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Conversation with the author, May 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hot on it's heels, in September 1966, Metzger and the poet John Sharkey organised the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS): a ground-breaking, two-day symposium and month-long programme of events which ran from 31 August -30 September 1966.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the space of six months, he organised two interdisciplinary symposia.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Invitees were largely left-leaning scientists and intellectuals, including Ravetz, Dickson and Peter Harper, founder of the Centre for Alternative Technology.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was around this time that Metzger became heavily involved in the 'Art and Science' and 'New Science' sub-groups of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science (BSSRS).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He worked with Richard J. Stibbs, a research assistant at the Centre for Land Use and Built Form Studies, a research group set up by Leslie Martin within the Architecture Department at the University of Cambridge, to produce a number of plotter drawings as design studies for Five Screens with Computer.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He worked with Richard J. Stibbs, a research assistant at the Centre for Land Use and Built Form Studies, a research group set up by Leslie Martin within the Architecture Department at the University of Cambridge, to produce a number of plotter drawings as design studies for Five Screens with Computer.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It proves beyond doubt that only the collaboration of the artist and technology and the use of machine forms can give us certain experiences we need” (Metzger 1962a).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1962a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within weeks Metzger had mastered the technique”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The drawings were programmed in FORTRAN 66 by Anthony W. Nutbourne and created on TITAN, the University of Cambridge Mathematics Department's mainframe computer.19”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“asked Nicholson to put him in touch with a scientist”
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Metzger continued to present such design studies in lectures and as contributions to exhibitions such as Jasia Reichardt's Cybernetic Serendipity at the ICA in 1968 and Event One at the Royal College of Art in 1969.20”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His view of the relationship between technology and capitalism coloured his ongoing activities and he continued to write on art and technology for a wide range of periodicals, from Peace News to the underground architecture journal Clip-Kit.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Invitees were largely left-leaning scientists and intellectuals, including Ravetz, Dickson and Peter Harper, founder of the Centre for Alternative Technology.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The first, a modest day-long event in May 1966 at Ravensbourne College, was entitled “Creation, Destruction and Chemical Change.””
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Feinstein helped Metzger develop a technique to manipulate the liquid crystals in such a way as to produce constantly changing visual effects”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Hot on it's heels, in September 1966, Metzger and the poet John Sharkey organised the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS): a ground-breaking, two-day symposium and month-long programme of events which ran from 31 August -30 September 1966.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In April 1969, Metzger became the founding editor of PAGE, the bulletin of the newly formed Computer Arts Society, and in May 1969, Metzger travelled to the International Symposium on Computers and Visual Research in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, with the cybernetician Gordon Hyde and art and technology critic Jonathan Benthall, to deliver a manifesto”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Invitees were largely left-leaning scientists and intellectuals, including Ravetz, Dickson and Peter Harper, founder of the Centre for Alternative Technology.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group also included the artist Conrad Atkinson; Jonathan Benthall, who at the time worked at the ICA and wrote a regular column on 'Art and Technology' for Studio International; the science journalist David Dickson; Jerry Ravetz, who headed the Centre for History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University; and 'Kit' Pedlar, who was head of the electron microscopy department at the Institute”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He worked with Richard J. Stibbs, a research assistant at the Centre for Land Use and Built Form Studies, a research group set up by Leslie Martin within the Architecture Department at the University of Cambridge, to produce a number of plotter drawings as design studies for Five Screens with Computer.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In April 1969, Metzger became the founding editor of PAGE, the bulletin of the newly formed Computer Arts Society, and in May 1969, Metzger travelled to the International Symposium on Computers and Visual Research in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, with the cybernetician Gordon Hyde and art and technology critic Jonathan Benthall, to deliver a manifesto”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“eventually creating Liquid Crystal Environment, a large-scale installation work”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The drawings were programmed in FORTRAN 66 by Anthony W. Nutbourne and created on TITAN, the University of Cambridge Mathematics Department's mainframe computer.19”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“presented a successful iteration of the liquid crystal technique at Better Books in London”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger also called on architects to help him develop design studies for Five Screens with Computer.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unlike traditional art forms, it required an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach and called for the skills, materials and expertise of scientists and engineers.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His political commitments and personal ethics have played an important part in directing the course of his artistic development, leading him to explore alternative contexts and ways in which to operate as an artist.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Auto-destructive art was, on the face of it, a spectacular and provocative form of art as social commentary, a protest against the development of ultimately destructive technologies such as nuclear weapons, cars, pesticides and other industrial sources of environmental pollution.”
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Metzger saw auto-destructive art as a movement and he was looking for othersparticularly those involved in an interdisciplinary and socially engaged practice such as architecture -to”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Gustav Metzger said this to an audience gathered at the Architectural Association in London in July 1965.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 3
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger's early childhood as an orthodox Jew in Nuremberg in the 1930s left him acutely politicised.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His output from the late 1950s onwards reflect an evolving theory of art as both aesthetic form and social action, and make him a key precursor of activist art.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Less than six months prior to this, the British scientist and novelist CP Snow had re-ignited public debate over perceived differences between the arts and sciences with his lecture, The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution.8”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [8]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Autodestructive art would not produce permanent objects”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“could not be manipulated by the art market.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He mounted small exhibitions in King's Lynn, the focus of which marked the emergence of two critical concerns: the relationship between art and society, and the role of destruction in creation.”
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger introduced a variation on this aesthetic paradigm, in the form of the first manifesto of Auto-Destructive Art.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“recalling Walter Gropius' vision of”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“who perhaps thanks to Bomberg, saw his task as taking up the baton of the revolutionary avant-garde.”
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“urged his students to consider both revolutionary form and content.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger firmly located this new art form in a field of enquiry that aligned the artist with scientists and engineers and attempted to open a conversation between scientific research and artistic practice.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Auto-Destructive Art manifesto marked the start of a particularly intense period in which his activism and artistic practice became increasingly intertwined.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“-expounding ways in which art could be inserted into the structures of modern society and daily life.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“their ideological and ethical approach appealed to Metzger, who visited the building repeatedly during its construction.”
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Architecture had been an important influence for Metzgerfrom the medieval architecture of his childhood in Nuremberg to seminal encounters with Alison and Peter Smithson's work in the early 1950s.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This sculpture consists of five walls or screens about thirty feet in height and forty feet long and two feet deep.They are arranged about twenty-five feet apart and staggered in plan.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 2015, 19
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger's innovative light projections evolved rapidly and by late 1965, they had become complex, spectacular visual events.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He had switched attention from the object to the event of painting itself, and turned a simple chemical reaction into a symbolic act on several levels.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Metzger developed a technique involving a chemical reaction between hydrochloric acid and nylon.
- Rests on an assumption: Metzger moved from making recognisable paintings with oil paint on various supports such as cardboard and steel in a studio to executing the same actions with different materials in a public setting.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger was at odds with the uncompromisingly self-referential modernist agenda of American Abstract Expressionism, not least for its association with U.S. foreign policy and the rhetoric of capitalism during the Cold War.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Autocreative art, unburdened by the weight of political critique, allowed Metzger to pursue a broader spectrum of aesthetic experiences”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“I envisage these in a central area between a group of three very large densely populated blocks of flats in a country setting”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 2015, 19
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some, like the acid-action painting revealed an explicitly political position; others expressed his radical aesthetic agenda.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When he was living in King's Lynn, the Smithson's first major public building, Hunstanton Secondary School (1954), was being built just down the road.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Metzger's ideas about random and auto-destructive processes, revolutionary social change, temporary, interactive and kinetic structures would have found a receptive audience at the Architectural Association and traction within the experimental discourses around architecture in the 1960s.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This last line referred specifically to bags of textile offcuts, which, like the Cardboards, had been thrown out by the fashion houses along Great Marlborough Street.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Metzger collected the bags of textile offcuts and presented them as objets trouvés at a number of events in the early 1960s.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“perhaps the most ambitious of which was Five Screens with Computer (1965-9).”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“significantly enhancing the perceptual experience in order to convey this message.”
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“its proliferation and theorisation is well documented.14”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Each wall would contain ten thousand uniform elementsmade of steel, plastic or glasswhich would be randomly ejected from the wall to crash onto the ground below, over a period of ten years.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 2015, 19
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“it was the architect theorist Royston Landau who invited Metzger to lecture at the Architectural Association.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger's evolving praxis was one of many forms of resistancefrom Gutai in Japan to Fluxus in Darmstaadt and New Yorkto the relationship between art and capitalism, and to the potentially perilous notion of 'disinterested' appreciation of the autonomous art object.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: American Abstract Expressionism's influence had effectively embedded the notion of the autonomy of the art object within critical discourse and served to disengage art from any extraneous social context.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crucially, it provided Metzger with access to industrial-quality slide projectors, which enabled him to develop a range of startling visual effects.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Auto-destructive art is committed to a left-wing revolutionary position in politics, and to struggles against future wars”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Today, the lecture/demonstration or lecture/performance is seen as a sub-genre of Performance Art, a form of institutional critique”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“that also challenged the conventions of knowledge production, confronting the historical conditions and methodologies of public discourse.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and a new form of art.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Auto-destructive art is a comprehensive theory for action in the field of the plastic arts in the post-second world war period.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Effectively a manifesto for Brutalism”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“defining a new role for the artist in relation to the work of art (further removed from the act or gesture itself)”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It includes social action.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Cedric Price borrowed a copy of Harold Liversidge's film of the performance”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The young student Charles Jencks later borrowed Metzger's lecture notes.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“You have the alternative of using architecture to unhinge these traditions and taboos.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Architecture and town planning are among the most exposed professions today.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“DIAS aims to assemble the maximum amount of information on the new art forms and related topics, and to make this information freely available.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1966a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The siting and scale of this sculpture were critical factors in achieving the desired physical and psychological impact.”
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using the resources at hand, Metzger made an 'exhibition' 24 of ephemeral, kinetic sculptures,”
plainstates an associationSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“The first press release for DIAS, which went out in April 1966, declared their aim”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1966a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Instead of going on with the interminable large scale construction and competition, you can find from within the core of the discipline, concepts and forms that will shatter existing mental and physical structures in architecture as radically as auto-destructive art has done in art.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“From this approach might emerge the great architectural form you are no doubt seeking”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This again would have informed Metzger's interest in psychology and his interaction with psychologists at DIAS (1966) and the Dialectics of Liberation (1967).”
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather than mobilising the masses, the momentum of DIAS and Dialectics gradually dissipated.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Architecture can be used to undermine values, to protest, subvert and destroy.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“I have said that people must use their profession to change society.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A computer programme would be devised to control the ejections.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 2015, 19
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the broadsheet produced to accompany the exhibition, Metzger defined his role as a coordinatorimplying a rather more objective relationship to the art than that of the artist.”
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“He was unequivocal in challenging his audience to raise their game:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“You can go on confined by millenniums of traditions and taboos and help build our self-destructive society.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1965, 22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger was still hopeful that revolutionary change through interdisciplinary effort was possible.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Art no longer held the promise of revolution.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“In this text, Metzger charted the various roles of automata in societies as scientific tools, instruments of social control, traded goods and entertainment, highlighting correspondences between automata of the past and kinetic art of the present.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1969b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“As Samuel Dangel has noted, the article exploited the organisational conventions and visual qualities of a bibliographyanother template, like the lecture and the bulletin, with specific methodologies, lexicons and functions, effectively appropriated by Metzger to open up a critically reflexive space within the form itself. 26”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Metzger’s history sought to demonstrate how “the principles of automata became internalised within society and technology” as the processes of industrialisation and urbanisation during the nineteenth century reshaped society: “The automated factory is the automata of antiquity writ large.(Metzger 1969b, 110).””
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 1969b, 110
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“indeed at times Metzger was operating as much as an artist and activist as editor.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“offered an example to follow.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The goal was clear to Metzger, who in his 1965 lecture, “The Chemical Revolution in Art” had declared “We are now faced with the imperative need to take one of the most radical steps in history: the conscious creation of new forms of science and technology that have been cleared, to some extent, of in-built destructive elements.””
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger, 1965b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This model presented him with a template to experiment with, and allowed Metzger the freedom to experiment”
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unrealizable was becoming a theme.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metzger underlined the social impact of artists engaging with technology in order to highlight the stakes in a postwar context.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was a guerrilla intervention in public space without official sanction”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Szekely was a Hungarian linguist who held professorships in philosophy and experimental psychology.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bordeaux_Szekely
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“According to Stiles, Reichardt also invited Metzger to participate, along with the philosopher Stephan Themerson, the physicist David Bohm, and an art therapist, in an evening of discussion and presentations on Auto-destructive Art at the ICA in 1961, but the event was cancelled.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stiles 1987
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Wilson's article draws particular attention to the central role of the 'manifesto-as- form' in Metzger's early work:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wilson
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Invitees were largely left-leaning scientists and intellectuals, including Ravetz, Dickson and Peter Harper, founder of the Centre for Alternative Technology.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Metzger also worked with a D. E. Evans to produce a computer-generated drawing entitled Design Study for Five Screens with Computer (1969) using an IBM 7094 II and a CalComp plotter 536.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rosen 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“According to Stiles, Jencks borrowed a copy of his writings while still a student;”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stiles 1987
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The momentum of BSSRS spawned several weekend-long meetings of a”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Metzger later discussed a project for a kind of meditation centre for people entirely based on liquid crystal.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stiles 1987
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Stiles' interview with Robin Nicholson provides some insight into this critical meeting.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stiles
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Price borrowed a copy of the film of the South Bank Demonstration”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stiles 1987
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“According to Christopher Driver, Metzger and Schoenman gave the organisation its name, as a reference to the medieval Guelph Council of 100.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Christopher Driver
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_100_(United_Kingdom)#cite_note- Driver-3
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Conferences have been organised and MA theses written on the subject.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Milder, Patricia, "Teaching as Art: the contemporary lecture performance" Performance Art Journal 97 (2011): 13-27
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“By 1965, Metzger was describing auto-destructive art as “a comprehensive theory for action in the field of the plastic arts in the post-second world war period. The action is not limited to theory of art and the production of art works. It includes social action. Auto-destructive art is committed to a left-wing revolutionary position in politics, and to struggles against future wars.””
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Metzger 2015, 1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“He founded the International Biogenic Society with French novelist and mystic Romain Rolland in 1928.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bordeaux_Szekely
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“According to Simon Ford (2003), on 19 July 1967 the court found Metzger guilty and he accepted a £100 fine rather than spend four months in jail.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Simon Ford (2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
The closer integration of artists with science and industry was a fundamental tenet of Constructivism.
“The closer integration of artists with science and industry had been a fundamental tenet of Constructivism”
The paper relies on this without support.
The closer integration of artists with science and industry underpinned the radical educational philosophy of the Bauhaus.
“it had underpinned the radical educational philosophy of the Bauhaus”
The paper relies on this without support.
The closer integration of artists with science and industry inspired the pioneering use of plastics in the kinetic art of artists Lazlo Moholy-Nagy and Naum Gabo among others.
“and inspired the pioneering use of plastics in the kinetic art of artists Lazlo Moholy-Nagy and Naum Gabo among others.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The form of the manifesto itself had been an important platform for mobilising avant-garde movements from Dada to the Futurists.
“At the same time, the form of the manifesto itself had been an important platform for mobilising avantgarde movements from Dada to the Futurists.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Metzger collected the bags of textile offcuts and presented them as objets trouvés at a number of events in the early 1960s.
“Metzger collected these bags and presented them as objets trouvés at a number of events in the early 1960s.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Metzger developed a technique involving a chemical reaction between hydrochloric acid and nylon.
“Another key technique developed during this time involved a chemical reaction between hydrochloric acid and the synthetic fabric, nylon.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Metzger moved from making recognisable paintings with oil paint on various supports such as cardboard and steel in a studio to executing the same actions with different materials in a public setting.
“Metzger had moved from making recognisable 'paintings' with oil paint on various supports such as cardboard and steel in a studio to executing the same actions with different materials in a public setting.”
The paper relies on this without support.
American Abstract Expressionism's influence had effectively embedded the notion of the autonomy of the art object within critical discourse and served to disengage art from any extraneous social context.
“Its influence had effectively embedded the notion of the autonomy of the art object within critical discourse and served to disengage art from any extraneous social context.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Between 1959-72, Metzger produced a number of auto-creative and auto-destructive art works.
“Between 1959-72, he produced a number of auto-creative and auto-destructive art works.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Architecture students assisted Metzger with the South Bank demonstration.
“It is perhaps unsurprising that architecture students assisted Metzger with the South Bank demonstration”
The paper relies on this without support.
The New Tendencies movement was broadly aligned with the post-war New Left.
“which was broadly aligned with the post-war New Left.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Metzger had an anti-capitalist stance.
“Metzger's anti-capitalist stance”
The paper relies on this without support.
Activist art emerged as a coherent and identifiable set of practices in the 1960s, informed by the expanded fields of conceptual and performance art practice.
“Activist art was to emerge as a coherent and identifiable set of practices in the 1960s, informed by the expanded fields of conceptual and performance art practice.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Metzger was a founder member of the Committee of 100 along with Bertrand Russell, Michael Randle, Ralph Schoenman and others.
“Metzger was a founder member of the Committee of 100 along with Bertrand Russell, Michael Randle, Ralph Schoenman and others.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Committee of 100 used mass non-violent resistance and civil disobedience as a form of direct action.
“The group used mass non- violent resistance and civil disobedience as a form of direct action.”
The paper relies on this without support.
At the ICA, Reichardt curated numerous interdisciplinary exhibitions including the seminal Between Poetry and Painting (1965) and Cybernetic Serendipity (1968).
“At the ICA, Reichardt curated numerous interdisciplinary exhibitions including the seminal Between Poetry and Painting (1965) and Cybernetic Serendipity (1968).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The first public demonstration of auto-destructive art took place at Temple Gallery, London on 22 June 1961.
“The first public demonstration of auto-destructive art took place at Temple Gallery, London on 22 June 1961.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Information Action (1972)which Metzger attends -and Dan Graham's
“At the Architectural Association in July 1965, Metzger used the lecture/demonstration to align artistic praxis with political action.”
§ References
“Metzger, Gustav. 1965. Auto-Destructive Art. Typescript of a lecture given at the Architectural Association, 24 February 1965. Third edition: London, Bedford Press 2015.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Auto-Destructive, Auto-Creative
“Reichardt, who introduced his first demonstration of auto-destructive art at the Temple Gallery in June 1960.”
§ References
“The first public demonstration of auto-destructive art took place at Temple Gallery, London on 22 June 1961.”
Citations
Cites
Left Shift: Radical Art in 1970s Britain
Walker, J. A. (2001) · Cited by 40
Gustav Metzger’s Auto‐Destructive/Auto‐Creative Art: An Art of Manifesto, 1959–1969
Wilson, A. (2008) · Third Text · doi:10.1080/09528820802012844 · Cited by 26
Walker, J. A. (2002) · I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd eBooks · doi:10.5040/9780755604531 · Cited by 20
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- Benthall, Jonathan, Gordon Hyde and Gustav Metzger. 1969. "Zagreb Manifesto" London, 4 May 1969 in Studio International vol.177 no.911, London June 1969.
- Fisher, Elizabeth. 2014. Gustav Metzger: Lift Off! Cambridge, University of Cambridge Kettle's Yard.
- Ford, Simon. 2003. "Technological Kindergarten." MUTE Vol. 1, no. 26
- Groupe de Recherche d'Art Visuel. 1961. "General Propositions of the Visual Arts Research Group." Trans. Davida Fineman. In Readings in Latin American Modern Art. Ed. Patrick Frank. New Have: Yale University Press, 2004: 161-163.
- Houédard, Dom Sylvester. 1966. "Aesthetics of the Death Wish? Change as Creative Destruction: the Ravensbourne Symposium on Creation Destruction & Chemical Change: Record and Comment." London, Destruction/Creation, BM/DIAS.
- Medosch, Armin, "Art as Visual Research: The Tendency in New Tendencies" in Journal for Research Cultures, issue 1. https://researchcultures.com/issues/1/art-as- visual-research.html Accessed 2.1.
- Metzger, Gustav. 1964. "On Random Activity in Material/Transforming Works of Art." Fifth manifesto. London, July 30, 1964. Published in Signals. Newsbulletin of the Centre for Advanced Creative Study, Vol.1, No.2, September 1964: 14.
- Metzger, Gustav. 1965. Auto-Destructive Art. Typescript of a lecture given at the Architectural Association, 24 February 1965. Third edition: London, Bedford Press 2015.
- Metzger, Gustav. April 1966a. First DIAS press release.
- Metzger, Gustav. 1969a. "Automata in History Part I" in Studio International vol. 177 no.909, March 1969: 107-109.
- Metzger, Gustav. 1970b. "Kinetics." Art and Artists vol.5 no. 6, London September 1970.
- Metzger, Gustav. 1971. "Five Screens with Computer. Computer Graphic Aspects of a Sculpture Project" in Computer Graphics '70. Plenum Press, London 1971.
- Metzger, Gustav. [1969] 1971. "Untitled paper on Theme Number Three." Computer and Visual Research Symposium, Zagreb 1969, in Bit International no. 7, edited by Boris Kelemen and Radoslav Putar. Zagreb, Galerije grada Zagreba: 26-33.
- Stiles, Kristine. 1987. "The Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS): The Radical Social Project of Event-Structured Live Art" Ph.D. History of Art, University of California, Berkeley.
- Wilson, Rt Hon Harold, MP. 1963. "Labour's Plans for Science" Speech given at the annual Labour Party Conference, Scarborough, 1 October 1963. London, Victoria House Printing Company. http://nottspolitics.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Labours-Plan-for-science.pdf Accessed 25.9.2016
- Ibid. 8 The University of Cambridge Annual Rede Lecture, Senate House, 7 May 1959.
- Wilson's article draws particular attention to the central role of the 'manifesto-as- form' in Metzger's early work: "Metzger linked his production of manifestos with the form of the Lecture/Demonstration -the Lecture/Demonstration being a performative realisation of the manifesto to explain and declare the aims and beliefs underpinning auto-destructive art and show clearly its relevance and meaning to a contemporary audience, while at the same time remaining apart from the structures of the art market -there being no by-product, nothing to sell." 14 Conferences have been organised and MA theses written on the subject. See for example: http://www.e-flux.com/announcements/between-art-and-academia-lecture- performance/, http://thepublicschool.org/node/29191; http://www.theoffice.li/htm/lecture.htm, http://gabrielledevietri.com/files/gdvmfafinal.pdf, https://verysmallkitchen.com/2011/12/20/kitchen-essay-artists-talking-at-the- doubting-interface/ and Milder, Patricia, "Teaching as Art: the contemporary lecture performance" Performance Art Journal 97 (2011): 13-27.
- For more on TITAN, see "TITAN computer / Bridging the Cultures: Architecture, Models and Computers in 1960s Cambridge" by Prof. Dean Hawkes, also in this issue.
- Metzger's writings on the subject include "New Ideas in Plotter Design Construction and Output," an unpublished lecture at Computer Graphics '70, and "Five Screens with Computer. Computer Graphic Aspects of a Sculpture Project" in Computer Graphics '70. London, Plenum Press 1971.
- Metzger's statement is recorded in Watson Fuller, ed. 1971. The Social Impact of Modern Biology, proceedings of a conference organised by the British Society for Social Responsibility in the Sciences, 26-28 November 1970. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1971: 245.
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The Use of Human Brain Activity (Electroencephalogram) in the Making of Art
Moore, C. E. G. (2019) · Electronic workshops in computing · doi:10.14236/ewic/eva2019.67
Metadata
- Authors
- Fisher, E.
- Venue
- Taylor & Francis
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Published
- 2017-05-24
- OpenAlex
- W2619149615
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 5.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
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- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Art, Politics, and Modernism
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Contemporary art, education, critique
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Visual Culture and Art Theory
- Keywords
- Gustav Metzger, iconoclasm, interdisciplinarity, activist art, political art, nuclear weapons, capitalism, environmentalism, social engagement, art and politics
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