The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
PICARD: Parsing Incrementally for Constrained Auto-Regressive Decoding from Language Models
Open accessAbstract
Large pre-trained language models for textual data have an unconstrained output space; at each decoding step, they can produce any of 10,000s of sub-word tokens.When fine-tuned to target constrained formal languages like SQL, these models often generate invalid code, rendering it unusable.We propose PICARD 1 , a method for constraining auto-regressive decoders of language models through incremental parsing.PICARD helps to find valid output sequences by rejecting inadmissible tokens at each decoding step.On the challenging Spider and CoSQL text-to-SQL translation tasks, we show that PICARD transforms fine-tuned T5 models with passable performance into stateof-the-art solutions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Yu, T., Zhang, R., Yang, K., Yasunaga, M., Wang, D., Li, Z., Ma, J., Li, I., Yao, Q., Roman, S., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1425 · Cited by 1,034
Adafactor: Adaptive Learning Rates with Sublinear Memory CostPreprint
Shazeer, N., & Stern, M. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1804.04235 · Cited by 572
RAT-SQL: Relation-Aware Schema Encoding and Linking for Text-to-SQL Parsers
Wang, B., Shin, R., Liu, X., Polozov, O., & Richardson, M. (2020) · Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.677 · Cited by 512
TRANX: A Transition-based Neural Abstract Syntax Parser for Semantic Parsing and Code Generation
Yin, P., & Neubig, G. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations · doi:10.18653/v1/d18-2002 · Cited by 203
Shaw, P. M., Chang, M.-W., Pasupat, P., & Toutanova, K. (2021) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.75 · Cited by 147
Parsec: direct style monadic parser combinators for the real world
Leijen, D., & Meijer, E. (2001) · Cited by 146
Choi, D., Shin, M. C., Kim, E., & Shin, D. R. (2021) · Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/coli_a_00403 · Cited by 134
Semantic Evaluation for Text-to-SQL with Distilled Test Suites
Zhong, R., Yu, T., & Klein, D. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.29 · Cited by 112
SmBoP: Semi-autoregressive Bottom-up Semantic Parsing
Rubin, O., & Berant, J. (2021) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.29 · Cited by 111
Yu, T., Zhang, R., Er, H. Y., Li, S., Xue, E., Pang, B., Lin, X., Tan, Y. C., Shi, T., Li, Z., et al. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1909.05378 · Cited by 102
Cited by
Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation
Gao, D., Wang, H., Li, Y., Sun, X., Qian, Y., Ding, B., & Zhou, J. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2308.15363 · Cited by 485
Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation
Gao, D., Wang, H., Li, Y., Sun, X., Qian, Y., Ding, B., & Zhou, J. (2024) · Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment · doi:10.14778/3641204.3641221 · Cited by 342
Li, J., Hui, B., Qu, G., Yang, J., Li, B., Li, B., Wang, B., Qin, B., Cao, R., Geng, R., et al. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.03111 · Cited by 278
Prompting Is Programming: A Query Language for Large Language Models
Beurer-Kellner, L., Fischer, M., & Vechev, M. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages · doi:10.1145/3591300 · Cited by 117
Teaching Large Language Models to Self-Debug
Chen, X., Lin, M., Schärli, N., & Zhou, D. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2304.05128 · Cited by 812
“While models designed and trained for specialized domains have achieved impressive performance in various applications such as text-to-code generation (Li et al., 2023a; Wang et al., 2020; Scholak et al., 2021; Dong & Lapata, 2016; Iyer et al., 2018) and code translation (Chen et al.”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Scholak, T., Schucher, N., & Bahdanau, D.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
- Published
- 2021
- Pages
- 9895-9901
- OpenAlex
- W3200285169
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 15
- FWCI
- 20.24
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: PICARD: Parsing Incrementally for Constrained Auto-Regressive Decoding from Language Models. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.779
- The paper
- Scholak, T., Schucher, N., & Bahdanau, D. (2021). PICARD: Parsing Incrementally for Constrained Auto-Regressive Decoding from Language Models. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.779
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.