Knowledge Graph Based Synthetic Corpus Generation for Knowledge-Enhanced Language Model Pre-training
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Oshin Agarwal, Heming Ge, Siamak Shakeri, Rami Al-Rfou. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2021.
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Verbalization techniques convert structured data including knowledge graph triples, table rows, and database records into natural language sentences, enabling seamless integration with existing language systems without architectural modifications.
“Verbalization techniques convert structured data including knowledge graph triples, table rows, and database records into natural language sentences, enabling seamless integration with existing language systems without architectural modifications [12, 788, 1072, 13].”
From A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Models (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
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“Moreover, facts may not be expressed as explicitly in text as they are in KGs, and the variability in the quality of text can eventually cause biases in the resulting models (Bolukbasi et al., 2016; Sheng et al., 2019; Manzini et al., 2019).”
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A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Models
Mei, L., Yao, J., Ge, Y., Wang, Y., Bi, B., Cai, Y., Liu, J., Li, M., Li, Z.-Z., Zhang, D., et al. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.13334 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Agarwal, O., Ge, H., Shakeri, S., & Al-Rfou, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Google (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies
- Published
- 2021
- Pages
- 3554-3565
- OpenAlex
- W3137014599
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 11
- FWCI
- 14.05
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Topic Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Natural Language Processing Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
- Keywords
- knowledge graphs, language model pretraining, synthetic data
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