The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
P-Tuning: Prompt Tuning Can Be Comparable to Fine-tuning Across Scales and Tasks
Open accessAbstract
Prompt tuning, which only tunes continuous prompts with a frozen language model, substantially reduces per-task storage and memory usage at training. However, in the context of NLU, prior work reveals that prompt tuning does not perform well for normal-sized pretrained models. We also find that existing methods of prompt tuning cannot handle hard sequence labeling tasks, indicating a lack of universality. We present a novel empirical finding that properly optimized prompt tuning can be universally effective across a wide range of model scales and NLU tasks. It matches the performance of finetuning while having only 0.1%-3% tuned parameters. Our method P-Tuning v2 is an implementation of Deep Prompt Tuning (CITATION) optimized and adapted for NLU. Given the universality and simplicity of P-Tuning v2, we believe it can serve as an alternative to finetuning and a strong baseline for future research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1810.04805 · Cited by 73,173
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.14165 · Cited by 23,372
RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach
Liu, Y., Ott, M., Goyal, N., Du, J., Joshi, M., Chen, D., Levy, O., Lewis, M., Zettlemoyer, L., & Stoyanov, V. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.11692 · Cited by 16,515
Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer
Raffel, C., Shazeer, N., Roberts, A., Lee, K., Narang, S., Matena, M., Zhou, Y., Li, W., & Liu, P. J. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.10683 · Cited by 10,929
XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding
Yang, Z., Dai, Z., Yang, Y., Carbonell, J., Salakhutdinov, R., & Le, Q. V. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1906.08237 · Cited by 6,687
Self-citationSQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text
Rajpurkar, P., Zhang, J., Lopyrev, K., & Liang, P. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/d16-1264 · Cited by 6,208
GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding
Wang, A., Singh, A., Michael, J., Hill, F., Levy, O., & Bowman, S. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 EMNLP Workshop BlackboxNLP: Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP · doi:10.18653/v1/w18-5446 · Cited by 4,222
The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning
Lester, B., Al-Rfou, R., & Constant, N. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.243 · Cited by 3,096
The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning
Lester, B., Al-Rfou, R., & Constant, N. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2104.08691 · Cited by 3,092
Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generation
Li, X. L., & Liang, P. (2021) · Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.353 · Cited by 2,473
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- P-Tuning: Prompt Tuning Can Be Comparable to Fine-tuning Across Scales and Tasks https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-short.8/ (Liu et al., ACL 2022)
- P-Tuning: Prompt Tuning Can Be Comparable to Fine-tuning Across Scales and Tasks (Liu et al., ACL 2022)
- Xiao Liu, Kaixuan Ji, Yicheng Fu, Weng Tam, Zhengxiao Du, Zhilin Yang, and Jie Tang. 2022. P-Tuning: Prompt Tuning Can Be Comparable to Fine-tuning Across Scales and Tasks. In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), pages 61–68, Dublin, Ireland. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- ACL materials are Copyright © 1963–2026 ACL; other materials are copyrighted by their respective copyright holders. Materials prior to 2016 here are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 International License. Permission is granted to make copies for the purposes of teaching and research. Materials published in or after 2016 are licensed on a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 823
Continuous Prompt Tuning for Russian: How to Learn Prompts Efficiently with RuGPT3?
Konodyuk, N., & Tikhonova, M. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15168-2_3 · Cited by 4
A Sequence-to-Sequence Approach with Mixed Pointers to Topic Segmentation and Segment Labeling
Xia, J., & Wang, H. (2023) · ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/3580305.3599245 · Cited by 4
Multi-Target Domain Adaptation with Prompt Learning for Medical Image Segmentation
Lin, Y., Nie, D., Liu, Y., Yang, M., Zhang, D., & Wen, X. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43907-0_68 · Cited by 4
Hierarchical Prompt Tuning for Few-Shot Multi-Task Learning
Liu, J., Chen, T., Liang, Z., Jiang, H., Xiao, Y., Feng, W., Qian, Y., Hao, Z., & Han, B. (2023) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3583780.3614913 · Cited by 4
ViM: Vision Middleware for Unified Downstream Transferring
Feng, Y., Gong, B., Jiang, J., Lv, Y., Shen, Y., Zhao, D., & Zhou, J. (2023) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv51070.2023.01074 · Cited by 4
Unifying Graph Retrieval and Prompt Tuning for Graph-Grounded Text Classification
Dai, L., Yin, Y., Chen, E., & Xiong, H. (2024) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3626772.3657934 · Cited by 5
Wang, Z., Ma, W., & Zhang, M. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5569-1_2 · Cited by 6
Jointly Reparametrized Multi-Layer Adaptation for Efficient and Private Tuning
Gupta, U., Galstyan, A., & Steeg, G. V. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (Findings of ACL) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.799 · Cited by 4
Multi-task Perception for Autonomous Driving
Liang, X., Liang, X., & Xu, H. (2023) · Advances in computer vision and pattern recognition · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-4287-9_9 · Cited by 4
PTP: Boosting Stability and Performance of Prompt Tuning with Perturbation-Based Regularizer
Chen, L., Chen, J., Huang, H., & Cheng, M. (2023) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.833 · Cited by 12
Li, Q., Tang, K. L., Li, S., Zhang, K., Li, Z., Chang, L., Li, W., Shen, B., Ding, J., & Min, X. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.23292512 · Cited by 4
Exploration of ChatGPT application in diabetes education: a multi-dataset, multi-reviewer studyPreprint
Ying, Z., Fan, Y., Lu, J., Wang, P., Zou, L., Tang, Q., Chen, Y., Li, X., & Chen, Y. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.23296144 · Cited by 4
Enriching large language models with semantic lexicons and analogies
Zervakis, G. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4f4cd0e5z5987z422az813bzc6e431d1a918 · Cited by 4
Unveiling the Lack of LVLM Robustness to Fundamental Visual Variations: Why and Path Forward
Fan, Z., Wang, Y., Polisetty, S., & Fung, Y. R. (2025) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025 · doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.1037 · Cited by 4
Zhao, Z., Shi, Z., Liu, Y., & Ding, W. (2023) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/3594739.3612914 · Cited by 3
FedGPL: Gradient Priority-based Federated Learning Enhancement for In-Vehicle Language Models
Yang, H., Xue, D., Wang, T., Kwak, J., & Kim, H. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems · doi:10.1145/3717835 · Cited by 3
Zhang, P., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Hu, M., Wei, X., & Chen, M. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889971 · Cited by 3
Enhanced Multimodal Depression Detection With Emotion Prompts
Teng, S., Liu, J., Sun, H., Chai, S., Tateyama, T., Lin, L., & Chen, Y. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889035 · Cited by 5
Leveraging Large Language Models for Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria Classification
Ray, S., Sarker, A. N., Chatterjee, N., Bhowmik, K., & Dey, S. (2025) · Digital · doi:10.3390/digital5020012 · Cited by 3
A method of legal judgment prediction via prompt learning and charge keywords fusion
Li, J., & Ouyang, J. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence and Law · doi:10.1007/s10506-025-09469-3 · Cited by 3
Enhancing Domain Generalization in Medical Image Segmentation With Global and Local Prompts
Zhao, C., & Li, X. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3590956 · Cited by 3
Visual Consensus Prompting for Co-Salient Object Detection
Wang, J., Yu, N., Zhang, Z., & Han, Y. (2025) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr52734.2025.00896 · Cited by 3
A Federated Adaptive Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Framework for Software Development
Chen, J., Cai, Z., Chen, W., Wang, W., Zheng, Z., & Yu, P. S. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Services Computing · doi:10.1109/tsc.2025.3623626 · Cited by 3
Liu, P., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Zhao, X., & Tao, B. (2025) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2025.114140 · Cited by 3
Duan, Z., Bian, C., & Yang, S. (2025) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2025.124808 · Cited by 4
Prompt-Augmented LLMs with RAG for Addressing Cold-Start and Sparsity in Online Recommender Systems
Shehmir, S., & Kashef, R. F. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14107-1_21 · Cited by 3
Learning from Failure: Improving Meeting Summarization without Good Samples
Wang, K., Zhao, X., & Peng, W. (2024) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v38i17.29883 · Cited by 3
A Bidirectional Question-Answering System using Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs
Han, L., Wang, X., Li, Z., Zhang, H., & Chen, Z. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2991-3_1 · Cited by 3
Rethinking Image-to-Video Adaptation: An Object-Centric Perspective
Qian, R., Ding, S., & Lin, D. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72775-7_19 · Cited by 5
Liu, H., Gan, J., Fan, X., Zhang, Y., Luo, C., Zhang, J., Jiang, G., Qian, Y., Zhao, C., Ma, Z., et al. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5779-4_10 · Cited by 5
A Unified Prompt-aware Framework for Personalized Search and Explanation Generation
Zhang, H., Zhu, Q., & Dou, Z. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3716131 · Cited by 3
Automatic analysis of alarm embedded with large language model in police robot
Liu, Z., Sun, H., & Yuan, D. (2025) · Biomimetic Intelligence and Robotics · doi:10.1016/j.birob.2025.100220 · Cited by 4
Wang, H., Xue, S., Zhang, H., Wang, C., & Fu, Y. H. (2025) · Aerospace · doi:10.3390/aerospace12040325 · Cited by 4
Self-citationEARN: Efficient Inference Acceleration for LLM-based Generative Recommendation by Register Tokens
Yang, C., Lin, X., Wang, W., Li, Y., Sun, T., Han, X., & Chua, T. (2025) · ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/3711896.3736919 · Cited by 8
Unsupervised Dual Modality Prompt Learning for Facial Expression Recognition
Shahid, M. (2023) · International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS) · doi:10.1109/icccs57501.2023.10151313 · Cited by 3
MDC at BioLaySumm Task 1: Evaluating GPT Models for Biomedical Lay Summarization
Turbitt, O., Bevan, R., & Aboshokor, M. (2023) · Workshop on Biomedical Language Processing (BioNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.bionlp-1.65 · Cited by 5
Zhen, Z., Wang, L., Gu, D., Wu, H. K., Janfada, B., & Bidgoli, B. M. (2023) · International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach · doi:10.4018/ijitsa.328681 · Cited by 3
Generative Event Extraction via Internal Knowledge-Enhanced Prompt Learning
Song, H., Zhu, Q., Yu, Z., Liang, J., & He, H. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44192-9_8 · Cited by 3
Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Hu, F., Li, T., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7224-1_27 · Cited by 3
On the instability of further pre-training: Does a single sentence matter to BERT?
Bacco, L., Minnema, G., Caselli, T., Dell’Orletta⋄, F., Merone, M., & Nissim, M. (2023) · Natural Language Processing Journal · doi:10.1016/j.nlp.2023.100037 · Cited by 3
Electrical Equipment Fault Diagnosis: A Technique Combining Fuzzy Logic and Large Language Models
Xu, T., & Tang, X. (2023) · IEEE International Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering - Asia (ISPCE-ASIA) · doi:10.1109/ispce-asia60405.2023.10365878 · Cited by 3
Exploration and Practice of Applying Large Language Models in Home Education Guidance
Wang, G., Qin, S., & Liu, X. (2023) · International Conference on Information Science and Education (ICISE-IE) · doi:10.1109/icise-ie60962.2023.10456439 · Cited by 3
Self-citationChinese Diabetes Question Classification Using Large Language Models and Transfer Learning
Ge, C., Ling, H., Quan, F., & Zeng, J. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1717-0_19 · Cited by 3
Cloud-Edge Collaborative Continual Adaptation for ITS Object Detection
Lian, Z., Lv, M., Xu, X., Ding, Z., Zhu, M., Wu, Y., & Yan, J. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2966-1_2 · Cited by 3
Mai, C., Wang, Y., Gong, Z., Wang, H., Luo, K., Yuan, C., & Huang, Y. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124335 · Cited by 4
APT: Adaptive Prefix-Tuning on Pretrained Models for Code Intelligence
Wu, Y., Yu, Y., Yuan, Z., Huang, S., & Cai, B. (2024) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn60899.2024.10651243 · Cited by 4
Three Things We Need to Know About Transferring Stable Diffusion to Visual Dense Prediction Tasks
Zhang, M., Song, G., Shi, X., Liu, Y., & Li, H. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72946-1_8 · Cited by 6
Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning for Multi-scanner PET to PET Reconstruction
Kim, Y., Choi, G., & Hwang, S. J. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72104-5_50 · Cited by 3
Boosting LLM-based Relevance Modeling with Distribution-Aware Robust Learning
Liu, H., Gong, S., Ji, Y., Wu, K., Xu, J., & Gu, J. (2024) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3627673.3680052 · Cited by 4
TARGET: Template-Transferable Backdoor Attack Against Prompt-Based NLP Models via GPT4
Tan, Z., Chen, Q., Huang, Y., & Chen, L. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-9434-8_31 · Cited by 3
Cross-language few-shot intent recognition via prompt-based tuning
Cao, P., Li, Y., & Li, X. (2024) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-024-06089-3 · Cited by 3
A few-shot learning method based on knowledge graph in large language models
Wang, F., Shi, D., Aguilar, J., & Cui, X. (2024) · International Journal of Data Science and Analytics · doi:10.1007/s41060-024-00699-3 · Cited by 3
Qiao, S., Yu, H., Song, J., Zhang, L., Zhao, H., & Huang, W. (2025) · Aquaculture International · doi:10.1007/s10499-025-01945-6 · Cited by 3
NVCiM-PT: An NVCiM-Assisted Prompt Tuning Framework for Edge LLMs
Qin, R., Ren, P., Yan, Z., Liu, L., Liu, D., Nassereldine, A., Xiong, J., Ni, K., Hu, X. S., & Shi, Y. (2025) · Design, Automation, and Test in Europe · doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10993249 · Cited by 3
Using Bidirectional Prompt Learning in NLP Few Shot Tasks
Li, D., & Ye, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems · doi:10.54097/fcis.v3i1.6362 · Cited by 3
PAC-tuning: Fine-tuning Pre-trained Language Models with PAC-driven Perturbed Gradient Descent
Liu, G., Xue, Z., Zhang, X., Johnson, K., & Wang, R. (2023) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.748 · Cited by 5
Dong, S., Yu, W., Tu, H., Wang, X., Zhou, Y., Hai-li, L., Zhou, J., & Chang, T. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17120-8_25 · Cited by 3
Relational Soft Prompt Pre-trained Language Model for Knowledge Graph CompletionPreprint
Liu, Y., & Li, L. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5649957/v1 · Cited by 4
External Knowledge Augmented Polyphone Disambiguation Using Large Language Model
Li, C. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops (ICASSPW) · doi:10.1109/icasspw62465.2024.10626858 · Cited by 2
PETIS: Intent Classification and Slot Filling for Pet Care Services
Zaman, N., Park, S.-J., Won, H.-S., Kim, M., An, H.-S., & Kim, K.-M. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3452771 · Cited by 2
Geng, H., Shi, C., Jiang, X., Kong, Z., & Liu, S. (2024) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/smc54092.2024.10831494 · Cited by 3
SPIRIT: Structural Entropy Guided Prefix Tuning for Hierarchical Text Classification
Zhu, H., Xia, J., Liu, R., & Deng, B. (2025) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e27020128 · Cited by 2
P-Distill: Efficient and Effective Prompt Tuning Using Knowledge Distillation
Won, H.-S., Choi, J.-Y., Zaman, N., Aliyeva, D., & Kim, K.-M. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15052420 · Cited by 2
An Automatic Model for Lesson Plans Generation Based on Logical Chains and Prompt Tuning
Ye, F., Cui, H., Ke, C., Zhong, W., Zhang, S., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-4407-0_21 · Cited by 2
Multi-level prompting: Enhancing model performance through hierarchical instruction integration
Son, G., & Kim, M. (2025) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2025.113545 · Cited by 3
STP: Special token prompt for parameter-efficient tuning of pre-trained language models
Yan, Y., Yu, H., Wang, D., Ye, J., Liu, F., & Xu, W. (2025) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2025.127665 · Cited by 4
Federated Discrete Prompt Tuning for Language Models Using Synthetic Examples
Tanimura, T., Nakano, W., Kitagawa, Y., & Takase, M. (2025) · IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/ccnc54725.2025.10975936 · Cited by 2
Improving text processing via adversarial low-rank adaptation
Wu, H., Luo, X., Gao, J., & Huang, D. K. (2025) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/s10994-025-06817-x · Cited by 2
AgentTester: An LLM-Based Tool for Unit Test Generation with Automatically Generated Prompts
Chen, H., Chen, K., Zhang, F., Wang, T., & Cheng, L. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0011-6_10 · Cited by 2
Beyond text: Fusing multi-modal legal knowledge for legal judgment prediction
Zhao, Q., Gao, T., & Guo, N. (2025) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2025.114358 · Cited by 2
KEFT: Knowledge-Enhanced Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models in Domain-Specific Question Answering
Li, H., Zhang, J., Shen, H., Cheng, K., & Huang, X. (2025) · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/tacl.a.31 · Cited by 2
Han, Z., Yu, H., & He, Q. (2025) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse13101865 · Cited by 2
Jin, S., Ke, K., Gao, B.-Y., Fu, L., & Huang, X. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.1186/s10033-025-01356-x · Cited by 2
Efficient Low-Rank Adaptation for Sparse Large Language Model
Hu, Y., Tian, T., Chen, X., Zhao, Z., Tao, T., Zhang, W., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Li, C., Chen, H., et al. (2025) · Tsinghua Science & Technology · doi:10.26599/tst.2025.9010174 · Cited by 2
Modality Plug-and-Play: Runtime Modality Adaptation in LLM-Driven Autonomous Mobile Systems
Huang, K., Yin, X., Huang, H., & Gao, W. (2025) · ACM Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom) · doi:10.1145/3680207.3723491 · Cited by 2
Multi-Affection Prompt Learning for Sentiment, Emotion, and Sarcasm Joint Detection in Conversations
Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, X., Li, X., Liang, H., & Tiwari, P. (2025) · Tsinghua Science & Technology · doi:10.26599/tst.2024.9010196 · Cited by 2
Vision model fine-tuning based on two-level prompts fusion
Mao, K., & Fang, H. (2025) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2025.115185 · Cited by 2
Song, J., Tang, X., Hao, K., & Li, Y. (2026) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131273 · Cited by 2
Zhu, J., Li, J., Zhao, S., Deng, Y., Miao, Y., & Xu, J. (2026) · The Journal of Supercomputing · doi:10.1007/s11227-025-08182-x · Cited by 2
Jian, W., Chen, G., Hong, H., Zhang, Y., Du, C., & Bao, Z. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-40835-6 · Cited by 2
LADC-Net: Lesion-aware dual-calibrated network for long-tailed medical image classification
Bai, Y., Li, J., Kong, D., Yang, S., Liu, T., & Yin, B. (2026) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113975 · Cited by 2
Multi-Classification of Electric Power Metadata based on Prompt-tuning
Liang, X., Zhang, W., Lei, S., Zhang, Y., Xu, M., Peng, L., & Feng, J. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23504-7_8 · Cited by 2
Improving Adaptive Knowledge Graph Construction via Large Language Models with Multiple Views
Chen, Y., Cui, S., Huang, K., Wang, S., Tang, C., Liu, T., & Fang, B. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7224-1_21 · Cited by 2
Towards Anytime Fine-tuning: Continually Pre-trained Language Models with Hypernetwork Prompts
Jiang, G., Jiang, C., Xue, S., Zhang, J., Zhou, J. W., Lian, D., & Wei, Y. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.808 · Cited by 2
Parameter Efficient Point Cloud Prompt Tuning for Unified Point Cloud Understanding
Fei, B., Liu, L., Yang, W., Li, Z., Chen, W., & Ma, L. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles · doi:10.1109/tiv.2024.3411773 · Cited by 2
Fine-Tuning Point Cloud Transformers with Dynamic Aggregation
Fei, J., & Deng, Z. (2024) · Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icra57147.2024.10610767 · Cited by 2
CPLCS: Contrastive Prompt Learning-based Code Search with Cross-modal Interaction Mechanism
Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Fan, X., & Lu, Y. (2024) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn60899.2024.10650201 · Cited by 2
An Active Learning Framework for Continuous Rapid Rumor Detection in Evolving Social Media
Shao, Z., Cai, G., Liu, Q., & Shang, Y. (2024) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn60899.2024.10650445 · Cited by 2
Liang, Y., & Cao, H. (2024) · International Symposium on Computer and Information Processing Technology (ISCIPT) · doi:10.1109/iscipt61983.2024.10673354 · Cited by 2
Fang, Y., Feng, Z., Fan, G., & Chen, S. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS) · doi:10.1109/icws62655.2024.00138 · Cited by 2
Mixture of Hybrid Prompts for Cross-Domain Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction
Yang, F., Zhou, X., Zhang, M., & Zhou, G. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2024.3487870 · Cited by 2
Chaotic Fuzzy Logic for Enhanced Educational Q&A System
Chen, H., Shi, N., Chen, L., & Lee, R. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Power, Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICPICS) · doi:10.1109/icpics62053.2024.10795881 · Cited by 2
Enhancing Clinical Information for Zero-Shot Medical Diagnosis by Prompting Large Language Model
Yang, Q., Zhu, M., & Yuan, Y. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10822705 · Cited by 2
Educating Language Models as Promoters: Multi-Aspect Instruction Alignment With Self-Augmentation
Sun, X., Shi, K., Tang, H., Wang, D., Xu, G., & Li, Q. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2025.3569585 · Cited by 3
A resilient generative model in few-shot question answering
Zou, A., Chen, Y., Huang, R., & Qin, Y. (2025) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2025.113629 · Cited by 2
Task-Specific Adaptation of Segmentation Foundation Model via Prompt Learning
Kim, H.-I., Yun, K., Yun, J., & Bae, Y. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91672-4_15 · Cited by 3
Adapting Knowledge Prompt Tuning for Enhanced Automated Program Repair
Cai, X., & Jiang, L. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER) · doi:10.1109/saner64311.2025.00041 · Cited by 3
Zhuang, Z., Liu, L., Guo, K., Yu, X., Qi, H., Shen, Y., & Yin, B. (2025) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2025.113881 · Cited by 2
Continuous Prompt Enhanced Biomedical Entity Normalization
Lai, Z., Fu, B., Wei, S., & Shi, X. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17189-5_5 · Cited by 2
MTPL-G2T: Graph-to-Text Generation Task Based on Mixed Template Prompt Learning
Cen, J., Zhang, K., Li, J., Sun, S., & Wang, Y. (2022) · IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT) · doi:10.1109/wi-iat55865.2022.00089 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, X., Ji, K., Fu, Y., Tam, W., Du, Z., Yang, Z., & Tang, J.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (CN)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Xiao
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)
- Published
- 2022
- Pages
- 61-68
- ISSN
- 0736-587X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4285247752
- Cited by
- 810
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 112 · 2025: 232 · 2024: 265 · 2023: 173 · 2022: 28
- FWCI
- 96.50
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61836013, 61825602)
- Tsinghua University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Topic Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Natural Language Processing Techniques
- Keywords
- prompt tuning, fine-tuning alternatives, natural language understanding, sequence labeling, model scale, memory efficiency, parameter-efficient training
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review