”It’s how you do things that matters”: Attending to Process to Better Serve Indigenous Communities with Language Technologies
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Indigenous languages are historically underserved by Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies, but this is changing for some languages with the recent scaling of large multilingual models and an increased focus by the NLP community on endangered languages.This position paper explores ethical considerations in building NLP technologies for Indigenous languages, based on the premise that such projects should primarily serve Indigenous communities.We report on interviews with 17 researchers working in or with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities on language technology projects in Australia.Drawing on insights from the interviews, we recommend practices for NLP researchers to increase attention to the process of engagements with Indigenous communities, rather than focusing only on decontextualised artefacts.
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As Cooper, Heldreth, and Hutchinson argue, NLP for Indigenous languages should primarily serve Indigenous communities, prioritizing communities' values and experiences with respect to NLP projects, and the expressed opinions of those communities around data governance.
“As Cooper, Heldreth, and Hutchinson argue,”
From Data colonialism and indigenous languages in AI: a critical review of existing initiatives and their struggles with data sovereignty (2026) · cites this paper as Cooper et al. 2024
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Kwok, J. C. Y. (2026) · AI & SOCIETY · doi:10.1007/s00146-026-03091-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cooper, N., Heldreth, C. M., & Hutchinson, B.
- Affiliations
- Australian National University (AU)
- Google (United States) (US)
- Google (Australia) (AU)
- Venue
- Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
- Published
- 2024
- Pages
- 204-211
- OpenAlex
- W4411638754
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Natural Language Processing Techniques
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Australian Indigenous Culture and History
- Keywords
- indigenous languages, natural language processing, endangered languages, ethical considerations, community participation, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, language technology, research practices
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