The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hierarchical Retrieval with Evidence Curation for Open-Domain Financial Question Answering on Standardized Documents
Open accessAbstract
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) based large language models (LLMs) are widely used in finance for their excellent performance on knowledge-intensive tasks.However, standardized documents (e.g., SEC filing) share similar formats such as repetitive boilerplate texts, and similar table structures.This similarity forces traditional RAG methods to misidentify near-duplicate text, leading to duplicate retrieval that undermines accuracy and completeness.To address these issues, we propose the Hierarchical Retrieval with Evidence Curation (HiREC) framework.Our approach first performs hierarchical retrieval to reduce confusion among similar texts.It first retrieve related documents and then selects the most relevant passages from the documents.The evidence curation process removes irrelevant passages.When necessary, it automatically generates complementary queries to collect missing information.To evaluate our approach, we construct and release a Large-scale Open-domain Financial (LOFin) question answering benchmark that includes 145,897 SEC documents and 1,595 question-answer pairs.Our code and data are available at https://github.com/ deep-over/LOFin-bench-HiREC.
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Cites
Nogueira, R., & Cho, K. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1901.04085 · Cited by 615
Interleaving Retrieval with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Knowledge-Intensive Multi-Step Questions
Trivedi, H., Balasubramanian, N., Khot, T., & Sabharwal, A. (2023) · Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.557 · Cited by 349
FinQA: A Dataset of Numerical Reasoning over Financial Data
Chen, Z., Chen, W., Smiley, C., Shah, S., Borova, I., Langdon, D., Moussa, R., Beane, M., Huang, T.-H., Routledge, B., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.300 · Cited by 258 · cited 2×
“In this section, we detail our process for constructing open-domain QA pairs by leveraging three established financial QA benchmarks: FinQA (Chen et al., 2021), Financebench (Islam et al., 2023), and SEC-QA (Lai et al., 2024).”
TAT-QA: A Question Answering Benchmark on a Hybrid of Tabular and Textual Content in Finance
Zhu, F., Lei, W., Huang, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, S., Lv, J., Feng, F., & Chua, T.-S. (2021) · Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.254 · Cited by 193
Metadata
- Authors
- Choe, J., Kim, J., & Jung, W.
- Affiliations
- Hanyang University (KR)
- ORCID
- Jung, Woohwan
- Venue
- Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025
- Published
- 2025
- Pages
- 16663-16681
- OpenAlex
- W4412888134
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3
- FWCI
- 4.89
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (Findings of ACL) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (IITP-2024-RS-2024-00423071)
- Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion (RS-2023-00261068)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Topic Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Retrieval and Search Behavior
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
- Keywords
- open-domain question answering, financial question answering, retrieval-augmented generation, hierarchical retrieval, SEC filings, passage selection, query generation
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- Choe, J., Kim, J., & Jung, W. (2025). Hierarchical Retrieval with Evidence Curation for Open-Domain Financial Question Answering on Standardized Documents. Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.855