The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neural Natural Language Inference Models Enhanced with External Knowledge
Open accessAbstract
Modeling natural language inference is a very challenging task.With the availability of large annotated data, it has recently become feasible to train complex models such as neural-network-based inference models, which have shown to achieve the state-of-the-art performance.Although there exist relatively large annotated data, can machines learn all knowledge needed to perform natural language inference (NLI) from these data?If not, how can neural-network-based NLI models benefit from external knowledge and how to build NLI models to leverage it?In this paper, we enrich the state-of-the-art neural natural language inference models with external knowledge.We demonstrate that the proposed models improve neural NLI models to achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the SNLI and MultiNLI datasets.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Kingma, D. P., & Ba, J. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.6980 · Cited by 98,946
Glove: Global Vectors for Word Representation
Pennington, J., Socher, R., & Manning, C. (2014) · Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1162 · Cited by 34,071
WordNet: a lexical database for English
Miller, G. A. (1995) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/219717.219748 · Cited by 14,015 · cited 11×
“When training TransE for WordNet, relations are represented with vectors of 20 dimension.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Stanford CoreNLP Natural Language Processing Toolkit
Manning, C., Surdeanu, M., Bauer, J., Finkel, J., Bethard, S., & McClosky, D. (2014) · Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations · doi:10.3115/v1/p14-5010 · Cited by 7,037
(2013) · Cited by 5,726
Freebase: a collaboratively created graph database for structuring human knowledge
Bollacker, K., Evans, C., Paritosh, P., Sturge, T., & Taylor, J. (2008) · Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data · doi:10.1145/1376616.1376746 · Cited by 4,852
Knowledge Graph Embedding by Translating on Hyperplanes
Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Feng, J., & Chen, Z. (2014) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v28i1.8870 · Cited by 3,915
A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inference
Bowman, S. R., Angeli, G., Potts, C., & Manning, C. D. (2015) · Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/d15-1075 · Cited by 3,377
A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inference
Williams, A., Nangia, N., & Bowman, S. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/n18-1101 · Cited by 3,342
Cited by
Deep Learning--based Text Classification: A Comprehensive Review
Minaee, S., Kalchbrenner, N., Cambria, E., Nikzad, N., Chenaghlu, M., & Gao, J. (2022) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3439726 · Cited by 1,538
ERNIE: Enhanced Language Representation with Informative Entities
Zhang, Z., Han, X., Liu, Z., Jiang, X., Sun, M., & Liu, Q. (2019) · Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1139 · Cited by 1,482
Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Data
Gururangan, S., Swayamdipta, S., Levy, O., Schwartz, R., Bowman, S., & Smith, N. A. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/n18-2017 · Cited by 907
Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representations
Peters, M. E., Neumann, M., Logan, R., Schwartz, R., Joshi, V., Singh, S., & Smith, N. A. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d19-1005 · Cited by 661
Breaking NLI Systems with Sentences that Require Simple Lexical Inferences
Glockner, M., Shwartz, V., & Goldberg, Y. (2018) · Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/p18-2103 · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, Q., Zhu, X., Ling, Z.-H., Inkpen, D., & Wei, S.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
- Published
- 2018
- Pages
- 2406-2417
- OpenAlex
- W2798416089
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 57
- FWCI
- 17.58
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Neural Natural Language Inference Models Enhanced with External Knowledge. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.18653/v1/p18-1224
- The paper
- Chen, Q., Zhu, X., Ling, Z.-H., Inkpen, D., & Wei, S. (2018). Neural Natural Language Inference Models Enhanced with External Knowledge. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1224
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.