Cited by 18

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

What Kind of Language Is Hard to Language-Model?

Mielke, Sabrina J., Cotterell, Ryan, Gorman, Kyle, Roark, Brian, Eisner, Jason·2019·Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.18653/v1/p19-1491

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

  • Long Short-Term Memory

    Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318

  • Deep Contextualized Word Representations

    Peters, M., Neumann, M., Iyyer, M., Gardner, M., Clark, C., Lee, K., & Zettlemoyer, L. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/n18-1202 · Cited by 11,983

  • Stan : A Probabilistic Programming Language

    Carpenter, B., Gelman, A., Hoffman, M. D., Lee, D., Goodrich, B., Betancourt, M., Brubaker, M., Guo, J., Li, P., & Riddell, A. (2017) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v076.i01 · Cited by 7,754 · cited 3×

    “Figure 6 shows the log-probability of held-out data under the regression model, by fixing the estimated difficulties d j (and sometimes also the estimated variance σ 2 ) to their values obtained from training data, and then finding either MAP estimates or posterior means (by running HMC using STAN) of 29 However, version…”
    MethodInfluential

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 32

  1. Željko Agić, Anders Johannsen, Barbara Plank, Héctor Martínez Alonso, Natalie Schluter, and An- ders Søgaard. 2016. Multilingual projection for parsing truly low-resource languages. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 4:301-312.
  2. Mona Baker. 1993. Corpus linguistics and translation studies: Implications and applications. Text and Technology: In Honour of John Sinclair, pages 233- 250.
  3. Emily M. Bender. 2009. Linguistically naïve != lan- guage independent: Why NLP needs linguistic ty- pology. In EACL 2009 Workshop on the Interaction between Linguistics and Computational Linguistics, pages 26-32.
  4. Yoav Benjamini and Yosef Hochberg. 1995. Control- ling the false discovery rate: A practical and pow- erful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 57(1):289-300.
  5. Ryan Cotterell, Sabrina J. Mielke, Jason Eisner, and Brian Roark. 2018. Are all languages equally hard to language-model? In Proceedings of NAACL, pages 536-541.
  6. Mathieu Dehouck and Pascal Denis. 2018. A frame- work for understanding the role of morphology in universal dependency parsing. In Proceedings of EMNLP, pages 2864-2870.
  7. Chris Drummond. 2009. Replicability is not repro- ducibility: Nor is it good science. In Proceedings of the Evaluation Methods for Machine Learning Work- shop at the 26th ICML.
  8. Lawrence Fenton. 1960. The sum of log-normal probability distributions in scatter transmission sys- tems. IRE Transactions on Communications Sys- tems, 8(1):57-67.
  9. Richard Futrell, Kyle Mahowald, and Edward Gibson. 2015. Large-scale evidence of dependency length minimization in 37 languages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(33):10336- 10341.
  10. Johannes Graën, Dolores Batinic, and Martin Volk. 2014. Cleaning the Europarl corpus for linguistic applications. In Konvens, pages 222-227.
  11. Christo Kirov, Ryan Cotterell, John Sylak-Glassman, Géraldine Walther, Ekaterina Vylomova, Patrick Xia, Manaal Faruqui, Arya McCarthy, Sabrina J. Mielke, Sandra Kübler, David Yarowsky, Jason Eis- ner, and Mans Hulden. 2018. Unimorph 2.0: Uni- versal morphology. In Proceedings of the Ninth In- ternational Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC). European Language Resources Association (ELRA).
  12. Philipp Koehn. 2005. Europarl: A parallel corpus for statistical machine translation. In MT Summit, pages 79-86.
  13. Charles J. Kowalski. 1972. On the effects of non- normality on the distribution of the sample product- moment correlation coefficient. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statis- tics), 21(1):1-12.
  14. Taku Kudo. 2018. Subword regularization: Improv- ing neural network translation models with multiple subword candidates. In Proceedings of the 56th An- nual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 66-75, Melbourne, Australia.
  15. Gennadi Lembersky, Noam Ordan, and Shuly Wintner. 2012. Adapting translation models to translationese improves SMT. In Proceedings of EACL, pages 255-265.
  16. Haitao Liu. 2008. Dependency distance as a metric of language comprehension difficulty. Journal of Cog- nitive Science, 9(2):159-191.
  17. Thomas Mayer and Michael Cysouw. 2014. Creating a massively parallel Bible corpus. In Proceedings of LREC, pages 3158-3163.
  18. Stephen Merity, Nitish Shirish Keskar, and Richard Socher. 2018. An analysis of neural language modeling at multiple scales. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.08240. · arXiv
  19. Bart van Merriënboer, Amartya Sanyal, Hugo Larochelle, and Yoshua Bengio. 2017. Multiscale sequence modeling with a learned dictionary. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.00762. · arXiv
  20. Sabrina J. Mielke and Jason Eisner. 2018. Spell once, summon anywhere: A two-level open-vocabulary language model. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.08205. · arXiv
  21. Lewis M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, Charles D. Fennig, et al. 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the world, 19 edition. SIL International, Dallas.
  22. Matthew Peters, Mark Neumann, Mohit Iyyer, Matt Gardner, Christopher Clark, Kenton Lee, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2018. Deep contextualized word repre- sentations. In Proceedings of NAACL, pages 2227- 2237.
  23. Ella Rabinovich and Shuly Wintner. 2015. Unsuper- vised identification of translationese. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 3:419-432.
  24. Ella Rabinovich, Shuly Wintner, and Ofek Luis Lewin- sohn. 2016. A parallel corpus of translationese. In International Conference on Intelligent Text Process- ing and Computational Linguistics, pages 140-155. Springer.
  25. Philip Resnik, Mari Broman Olsen, and Mona Diab. 1999. The bible as a parallel corpus: Annotating the 'book of 2000 tongues'. Computers and the Hu- manities, 33(1):129-153.
  26. S. C. Schwartz and Y. S. Yeh. 1982. On the distri- bution function and moments of power sums with log-normal components. The Bell System Technical Journal, 61(7):1441-1462. · DOI
  27. Rico Sennrich, Barry Haddow, and Alexandra Birch. 2016. Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units. In Proceedings of ACL, pages 1715- 1725.
  28. Claude E. Shannon. 1951. Prediction and entropy of printed English. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 30(1):50-64.
  29. Milan Straka, Jan Haji, and Jana Strakov. 2016. UD- Pipe: Trainable pipeline for processing CoNLL-U files performing tokenization, morphological analy- sis, POS tagging and parsing. In Proceedings of LREC, pages 4290-4297.
  30. Milan Straka and Jana Strakov. 2017. Tokenizing, POS tagging, lemmatizing and parsing UD 2.0 with UD- Pipe. In CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual parsing from raw text to Universal Dependencies, pages 88-99.
  31. Ilya Sutskever, James Martens, and Geoffrey Hinton. 2011. Generating text with recurrent neural net- works. In Proceedings of ICML, pages 1017-1024.
  32. David Yarowsky, Grace Ngai, and Richard Wicen- towski. 2001. Inducing multilingual text analysis tools via robust projection across aligned corpora. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Human Language Technology Research, pages 1-8.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Mielke, S. J., Cotterell, R., Gorman, K., Roark, B., & Eisner, J.
Venue
Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Published
2019
Pages
4975-4989
Cited by
18
References
3

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review