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Psychological Abuse: Implications for Adjustment and Commitment to Leave Violent Partners
Abstract
The contribution of psychological abuse, beyond that of physical abuse, to battered women’s psychological adjustment and their intentions to terminate their abusive relationships was examined. Sixty-eight battered women residing in shelters for battered women provided information on their: (1) physical and psychological abuse; (2) psychological symptomatology; (3) strategies for coping with and perceptions of control over partner violence; and (4) intentions to return to their abusive partners. Multiple regression analyses indicated that frequency and severity of physical abuse was not a significant predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology nor of women’s intentions to terminate their abusive relationships. However, psychological abuse was a significant predictor of both PTSD symptomatology and intentions to permanently leave abusive partners even after controlling for the effects of physical abuse. PTSD symptomatology moderated the relationship between psychological abuse and intentions to terminate the abusive relationships: resolve to leave the abusive partner as a function of level of psychological abuse was significant only among women characterized by low levels of PTSD symptomatology. Greater use of emotion-focused coping strategies, absolutely and relative to problem-focused coping, had direct effects on PTSD symptomatology. However, neither coping nor perceptions of control moderated the effects of psychological abuse on psychological adjustment. The results of the investigation suggested that psychological abuse and ensuing PTSD symptomatology are important variables to assess among physically battered women.
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“Of these, 16 studies demonstrated a positive association between psychological violence and PTSD [32–47], while the remaining five studies were insignificant [48–52].”
From The psychological subtype of intimate partner violence and its effect on mental health: a systematic review with meta-analyses (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
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Lagdon, S., Armour, C., & Stringer, M. (2014) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.24794 · Cited by 590
“Adding an additional layer of complexity, early research on IPV focused on physical violence perpetration towards a partner at the expense of alternative forms PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2014.”
BackgroundDevelopment of the Scale of Economic Abuse
Adams, A. E., Sullivan, C. M., Bybee, D., & Greeson, M. R. (2008) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801208315529 · Cited by 442
“Such behavior includes physical violence and the continued threat of such violence, but it also includes other forms of abuse—psychological (Arias & Pape, 1999; Follingstad, Rutledge, Berg, Hause, & Polek, 1990; Tolman, 1992), sexual (Bergen, 1996; Finkelhor & Yllo, 1985; Russell, 1990), and…”
BackgroundBriere, J., & Jordan, C. E. (2004) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260504269682 · Cited by 409
“Studies suggest that the clienttherapist problem-solving activities that involve safety planning are helpful for victims of partner violence (e.g., Arias & Pape, 1999), not only because they increase her safety but also because the process itself—by reducing feelings of helplessness and being…”
BackgroundMental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Abuse
Mechanic, M. B., Weaver, T. L., & Resick, P. A. (2008) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801208319283 · Cited by 384
Intimate Partner Abuse and Mental Health
Carlson, B. E., McNutt, L., Choi, D. Y., & Rose, I. M. (2002) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/10778010222183251 · Cited by 308
Metadata
- Authors
- Arias, I., & Pape, K. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Venue
- Violence and Victims
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 1999-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-67
- ISSN
- 0886-6708 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7073
- OpenAlex
- W132683574
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 8.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Violence and Victims (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa009224-05)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA09224-02S1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- psychological violence, intimate partner violence, battered women, psychological adjustment, leaving abusive relationships, post-traumatic stress disorder, coping strategies, emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, physical abuse
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Divorce, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Motivation, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Social Adjustment, Spouse Abuse, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Battered Women, Self Efficacy
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