Turkish Version of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse: Preliminary Psychometrics in College Students
Open accessAbstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the basic psychometrics of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse (MMEA; Murphy & Hoover, 1999) in a Turkish sample. Two hundred and fifty-four college students participated and completed the Turkish version of the MMEA (MMEA-TR) along with the Physical Assault of Conflict Tactics Scale—Revised, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory, Relationship Assessment Scale, and Social Desirability Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure of the MMEA-TR for both victimization and perpetration reports. This factor structure was cross-validated with an independent older sample of 328 dating college students for perpetration reports. Satisfactory criterion validity and internal consistency reliability results were obtained as well. Based on the preliminary investigation, the MMEA-TR appears to be a psychometrically sound measure of psychological dating aggression perpetration and victimization among college students in Turkey. The results, limitations, and recommendations for future studies were discussed.
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Among predominantly heterosexual women, higher attachment anxiety reliably corresponds to greater engagement in psychological IPV perpetration.
“This association is particularly evident among predominantly heterosexual women, for whom higher attachment anxiety reliably corresponds to greater engagement in psychological IPV perpetration (e.g., Murphy & Hoover, 1999; Toplu-Demirtaş et al., 2018).”
From Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Across Identities: Preliminary Psychometrics of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse-Short Form Among Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Bisexual Samples in Türkiye (2026) · cites this paper as Toplu-Demirtaş et al., 2018
Across LGB and heterosexual populations, empirical work consistently identifies anxious attachment as a significant relational vulnerability predicting the use of psychological aggression.
“Across LGB and heterosexual populations, empirical work consistently identifies anxious attachment as a significant relational vulnerability predicting the use of psychological aggression (e.g., Toplu-Demirtaş et al., 2018; Trombetta et al., 2024).”
From Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Across Identities: Preliminary Psychometrics of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse-Short Form Among Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Bisexual Samples in Türkiye (2026) · cites this paper as Toplu-Demirtaş et al., 2018
The initial psychometric evaluation of the Turkish adaptation (long form) of the MMEA yielded promising results, with the perpetration form demonstrating acceptable reliability across subscales (αs = .68-.83) and a four-factor structure supported by adequate CFA fit indices.
“the initial psychometric evaluation of the Turkish adaptation (long form) yielded promising results, with the perpetration form demonstrating acceptable reliability across subscales (αs = .68–.83) and a four-factor structure supported by adequate confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) fit indices (χ2/df = 2.16, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .07; Toplu-Demirtaş et al., 2018).”
From Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Across Identities: Preliminary Psychometrics of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse-Short Form Among Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Bisexual Samples in Türkiye (2026) · cites this paper as Toplu-Demirtaş et al., 2018
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Morelli, M., Chirumbolo, A., Bianchi, D., Baiocco, R., Cattelino, E., Laghi, F., Sorokowski, P., Misiak, M., Dziekan, M., Hudson, H., et al. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106502 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationDemirtaş, E. T., & Zurnacı, B. (2026) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-026-03422-4
Self-citation
- Authors
- Demirtaş, E. T., Sümer, Z. H., & Murphy, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Middle East Technical University (TR)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County (US)
- Venue
- Violence and Victims
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 275-295
- ISSN
- 0886-6708 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7073
- OpenAlex
- W4252019804
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Violence and Victims (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MEF University Institutional Repository (MEF University) (submittedVersion)
- OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Emerald Bookstore (Emerald Publishing Ltd.) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- MEF Üniversitesi
- Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Demography › Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Keywords
- Turkish adaptation, emotional abuse, dating violence victimization, university students, psychometric validation, factor structure, cross-cultural adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Intimate Partner Violence, Physical Abuse, Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Courtship, Emotions, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Desirability, Students, Turkey, Universities, Reproducibility of Results, Crime Victims, Young Adult
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