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Using an Existing Data Set to Answer New Research Questions: A Methodological Review
Abstract
The vast majority of the research methods literature assumes that the researcher designs the study subsequent to determining research questions. This assumption is not met for the many researchers involved in secondary data analysis. Researchers doing secondary data analysis need not only understand research concepts related to designing a new study, but additionally must be aware of challenges specific to conducting research using an existing data set. Techniques are discussed to determine if secondary data analysis is appropriate. Suggestions are offered on how to best identify, obtain, and evaluate a data set; refine research questions; manage data; calculate power; and report results. Examples from nursing research are provided. If an existing data set is suitable for answering a new research question, then a secondary analysis is preferable since it can be completed in less time, for less money, and with far lower risks to subjects. The researcher must carefully consider if the existing data set’s available power and data quality are adequate to answer the proposed research questions.
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From An enhanced individual placement and support (iPS) intervention based on the model of human occupation (MOHO); a prospective cohort study (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Doolan, D. M., & Froelicher, E. S.
- Affiliations
- University of San Francisco (US)
- ORCID
- Froelicher, Erika S.
- Venue
- Research and Theory for Nursing Practice
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 203-215
- ISSN
- 0889-7182 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-6577
- 1945-7286
- OpenAlex
- W2081922487
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research and theory for nursing practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Data Analysis and Archiving
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Methodologies in Health Research and Practice
- Keywords
- secondary analysis, research question refinement, statistical power, data management, data quality, nursing research, research design
- MeSH terms
- Data Collection, Humans, Research Design, Review Literature as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Nursing Research, Nursing Methodology Research, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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