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Cited by 254Down syndrome and intellectual disability researchFamily and Disability Support ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A clinical primer on intellectual disability

Open access
Patel, Dilip R., Cabral, Maria Demma, Ho, Arlene, Merrick, Joav·2020·Translational Pediatrics
DOI 10.21037/tp.2020.02.02PMC PMC7082244
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Abstract

Between 1% and 3% of persons in general population are estimated to have some degree of intellectual disability. A diagnosis of intellectual disability is based on clinical history, level of intellectual ability and level of adaptive function. Both, the intellectual and adaptive functioning are measured using individually administered standardized tests. More than 75% of persons who have intellectual disability have mild intellectual disability and an underlying specific etiology is less likely to be identified; whereas, in a small percentage of persons with severe intellectual disability, an underlying specific biologic cause is highly likely to be identified. Genetic abnormalities, inborn errors of metabolism and brain malformations are major categories of causes identified in severe to profound intellectual disability. The initial clinical presentation and recognition depends on the severity and underlying cause of intellectual disability. The etiology, severity, cognitive abilities, and adaptive function, vary among persons with intellectual disability and need consideration in developing a treatment plan. The physician plays an essential role in the evaluation, treatment of associated medical conditions and preventive care, and in facilitating and coordinating consultative services and community based care.

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  • The calculated 'national IQ' of the Gambia of 49.78/50.57 is on the borderline of 'moderate intellectual disability' (IQ range ~35-49).

    “which is on the borderline of 'moderate intellectual disability' (IQ range ~35-49).”

    From ‘National IQ’ datasets do not provide accurate, unbiased or comparable measures of cognitive ability worldwide (2022) · cites this paper as Patel et al., 2020

    The Clinical features > Moderate intellectual disability passage gives an IQ range beginning at 35–49 and extending to 50–55, supporting the numerical comparison. But the paper describes assessment of individuals, not a calculated national IQ for the Gambia; its Definition and Conclusions also caution that IQ alone cannot establish intellectual disability or its severity. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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References 38 · Cited by 254

Research works printed but not linked: 49

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Authors
Patel, D. R., Cabral, M. D., Ho, A., & Merrick, J.
Affiliations
  • Western Michigan University (US)
  • University of Kentucky (US)
Corresponding author
Patel, Dilip R.
ORCID
Venue
Translational Pediatrics
Publisher
AME Publishing Company
Published
2020-02
Volume
9
Issue
S1
Pages
S23-S35
ISSN
  • 2224-4336 (ISSN-L)
  • 2224-4344
DOI
10.21037/tp.2020.02.02
PMC
PMC7082244
OpenAlex
W3006158900
Cited by
254
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 43 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 3
FWCI
17.44
Type
journal article
Language
es
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Translational Pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords
intellectual disability, intellectual disability diagnosis, adaptive behavior, intellectual ability assessment, etiology of intellectual disability, genetic abnormalities, inborn errors of metabolism, brain malformations, mild intellectual disability, severe intellectual disability, preventive medicine, community-based care, physician role

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