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Cited by 660Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesYouth, Drugs, and ViolenceSchool Health and Nursing Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

How effective is drug abuse resistance education? A meta-analysis of Project DARE outcome evaluations

Ennett, S T, Tobler, N S, Ringwalt, C L, Flewelling, R L·1994·American Journal of Public Health
DOI 10.2105/ajph.84.9.1394
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES. Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) is the most widely used school-based drug use prevention program in the United States, but the findings of rigorous evaluations of its effectiveness have not been considered collectively. METHODS. We used meta-analytic techniques to review eight methodologically rigorous DARE evaluations. Weighted effect size means for several short-term outcomes also were compared with means reported for other drug use prevention programs. RESULTS. The DARE effect size for drug use behavior ranged from .00 to .11 across the eight studies; the weighted mean for drug use across studies was .06. For all outcomes considered, the DARE effect size means were substantially smaller than those of programs emphasizing social and general competencies and using interactive teaching strategies. CONCLUSIONS. DARE's short-term effectiveness for reducing or preventing drug use behavior is small and is less than for interactive prevention programs.

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Crossref · 10.2105/ajph.84.9.1394

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Ringwalt CL, Greene JM. Results of school districts' drug prevention coordinator's survey. Presented at the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Conference on Evaluating School-Linked Prevention Strategies; March 1993; San Diego, Calif.
  2. Hedges LV, Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1985.

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Metadata

Authors
Ennett, S. T., Tobler, N. S., Ringwalt, C. L., & Flewelling, R. L.
Affiliations
RTI International (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Public Health
Publisher
American Public Health Association
Published
1994-09
Volume
84
Issue
9
Pages
1394-1401
ISSN
  • 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
  • 1541-0048
DOI
10.2105/ajph.84.9.1394
OpenAlex
W2146631127
Cited by
655
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 15
FWCI
4.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • U.S. Department of Justice
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01da007037-05)
  • Office of Justice Programs
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (5 R01 DA07037)
  • National Institute of Justice
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › School Health and Nursing Education
Keywords
Drug Abuse Resistance Education, school-based drug prevention programs, substance use prevention, program effectiveness, interactive teaching methods
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Curriculum, Health Education, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Self Concept, United States, Program Evaluation, Substance-Related Disorders

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