The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Environmental risk factors for Lyme disease identified with geographic information systems.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. A geographic information system was used to identify and locate residential environmental risk factors for Lyme disease. METHODS. Data were obtained for 53 environmental variables at the residences of Lyme disease case patients in Baltimore County from 1989 through 1990 and compared with data for randomly selected addresses. A risk model was generated combining the geographic information system with logistic regression analysis. The model was validated by comparing the distribution of cases in 1991 with another group of randomly selected addresses. RESULTS. In crude analyses, 11 environmental variables were associated with Lyme disease. In adjusted analyses, residence in forested areas (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 11.8), on specific soils (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0, 4.4), and in two regions of the county (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.6, 7.4) (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.0, 7.7) was associated with elevated risk of getting Lyme disease. Residence in highly developed regions was protective (OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1, 1.0). The risk of Lyme disease in 1991 increased with risk categories defined from the 1989 through 1990 data. CONCLUSIONS. Combining a geographic information system with epidemiologic methods can be used to rapidly identify risk factors of zoonotic disease over large areas.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Landscape Ecology of Lyme Disease in a Residential Area of Westchester County, New York
Maupin, G. O., Fish, D., Zultowsky, J., Campos, E. G., & Piesman, J. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115823 · Cited by 230
PREVALENCE OF IXODES DAMMINI NEAR THE HOMES OF LYME DISEASE PATIENTS IN WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK
FALCO, R. C., & FISH, D. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114865 · Cited by 148
Cited by
Unhealthy Landscapes: Policy Recommendations on Land Use Change and Infectious Disease Emergence
Patz, J. A., Daszak, P., Tabor, G. M., Aguirre, A. A., Pearl, M., Epstein, J., Wolfe, N. D., Kilpatrick, A. M., Foufopoulos, J., Molyneux, D., et al. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6877 · Cited by 975
Guerra, M., Walker, E., Jones, C., Paskewitz, S., Cortinas, M. R., Stancil, A., Beck, L., Bobo, M., & Kitron, U. (2002) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0803.010166 · Cited by 334
Johnson, D. P., & Wilson, J. S. (2009) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2008.11.004 · Cited by 182
Self-citationSocioeconomic indicators of heat-related health risk supplemented with remotely sensed data
Johnson, D. P., Wilson, J. S., & Luber, G. C. (2009) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/1476-072x-8-57 · Cited by 145
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Glass, G. E., Schwartz, B. S., Morgan, J. M., Johnson, D. T., Noy, P. M., & Israel, E.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 1995-07
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 944-948
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2054808150
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Environmental risk factors for Lyme disease identified with geographic information systems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2105/ajph.85.7.944
- The paper
- Glass, G. E., Schwartz, B. S., Morgan, J. M., Johnson, D. T., Noy, P. M., & Israel, E. (1995). Environmental risk factors for Lyme disease identified with geographic information systems. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.85.7.944
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
