The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Are Rates of Psychiatric Disorders in the Homeless Population Changing?
Open accessAbstract
Objectives. We examined the prevalence of psychiatric illness among 3 homeless populations in St. Louis, Mo, in approximately 1980, 1990, and 2000. The 3 studies were conducted with the same systemic research methodology. Methods. We compared selected demographics and lifetime substance abuse and dependence and other mental illness among the 3 populations. Results. Among the homeless populations we studied, the prevalence of mood and substance use disorders dramatically increased, and the number of minorities within these populations has increased. Conclusions. The prevalence of psychiatric illness, including substance abuse and dependence, is not static in the homeless population. Service systems need to be aware of potential prevalence changes and the impact of these changes on service needs.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Revised Prevalence Estimates of Mental Disorders in the United States
Narrow, W. E., Rae, D. S., Robins, L. N., & Regier, D. A. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.2.115 · Cited by 807
Koegel, P. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800360033005 · Cited by 389
Health and Mental Health Problems of Homeless Men and Women in Baltimore
Breakey, W. R. (1989) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430100086034 · Cited by 358
The Urban Homeless: Estimating Composition and Size
Rossi, P. H., Wright, J. D., Fisher, G. A., & Willis, G. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2950592 · Cited by 281
Making room: The economics of homelessness
Cambridge, B. B. O. (1998) · The Journal of Socio-Economics · doi:10.1016/s1053-5357(99)80083-3 · Cited by 220
Padgett, D., Struening, E., & Andrews, H. F. (1990) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199009000-00010 · Cited by 187
Alcoholism Among Homeless Adults in the Inner City of Los Angeles
Koegel, P. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800350045007 · Cited by 149
The Visible Poor: Homelessness in the United States.
Takahashi, L. M., & Blau, J. (1994) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074856 · Cited by 133
Drug use disorders and treatment contact among homeless adults in Alameda County, California.
Robertson, M., Zlotnick, C., & Westerfelt, A. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.2.221 · Cited by 133
Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Bresnahan, M. A., Stueve, A., Moore, R. E., & Susser, E. (1995) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079653 · Cited by 130
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fazel, S., Khosla, V., Doll, H., & Geddes, J. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050225 · Cited by 1,033
“With the continued reduction in the numbers of inpatient psychiatric beds, the number and proportion of mentally disordered homeless persons is anticipated to increase further [16,17].”
BackgroundResultHomeless People’s Perceptions of Welcomeness and Unwelcomeness in Healthcare Encounters
Wen, C. K., Hudak, P. L., & Hwang, S. W. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0183-7 · Cited by 330
Greenwood, R. M., Schaefer-McDaniel, N. J., Winkel, G. H., & Tsemberis, S. J. (2005) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-005-8617-z · Cited by 315
Time to connect: bringing social context into addiction neuroscience
Heilig, M., Epstein, D. H., Nader, M. A., & Shaham, Y. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.67 · Cited by 298
Risk Factors for Homelessness: Evidence From a Population-Based Study
Shelton, K. H., Taylor, P. J., BONNER, A. B., & van den Bree, M. B. M. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.4.465 · Cited by 329
Metadata
- Authors
- North, C. S., Eyrich, K. M., Pollio, D. E., & Spitznagel, E. L.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 103-108
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC1449834
- OpenAlex
- W2167616250
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 18.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA10713, R01DA010713)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- homelessness, mental illness, prevalence trends, substance abuse, substance dependence, mood disorders, minority groups, St. Louis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Demography, Female, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Missouri, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Software, Prevalence, Age of Onset, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
