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STIMULATION OF BMP-2 EXPRESSION BY PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IL-1 AND TNF-α IN NORMAL AND OSTEOARTHRITIC CHONDROCYTES
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Destruction of cartilage in osteoarthritis is a direct effect of an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic activities in the tissue. While a great deal is known about catabolism, we sought to determine the biochemical basis of the anabolic activity. METHODS: Cartilage was isolated from normal and osteoarthritic patients and subjected to both cell and explant culture. mRNA expression levels of the growth and differentiation factors bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMP-4, BMP-6, cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-1 (CDMP-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and activin were determined. BMP-2 was localized in osteoarthritic cartilage by immunohistochemistry. To determine the mechanism of BMP-2 stimulation, chondrocytes were cultured with TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The BMP-2 response was monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to ascertain mRNA levels and by Western blot analysis, BMP-2 protein quantitation, and immunohistochemistry to determine protein levels. RESULTS: BMP-2 was found to be up-regulated in osteoarthritic chondrocytes and cartilage. In cell culture, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha increased BMP-2 mRNA and protein levels by eightfold and fifteenfold, respectively, whereas IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 had no effect. In cartilage explant cultures, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha increased BMP-2 levels both intracellularly and extracellularly. Functional relevance was suggested by co-localization of BMP-2 and newly synthesized type-II procollagen within the same cells. CONCLUSIONS: BMP-2 acts as a stimulus of anabolic activities in normal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, known to be present in synovium and cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis, stimulate the production of active BMP-2.
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Citations
Cited by
Ageing and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
Loeser, R. F., Collins, J. A., & Diekman, B. O. (2016) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.65 · Cited by 1,290
Goldring, M. B., & Goldring, S. R. (2007) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.21258 · Cited by 1,179
Cartilage in normal and osteoarthritis conditions
Martel-Pelletier, J., Boileau, C., Pelletier, J.-P., & Roughley, P. J. (2008) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2008.02.001 · Cited by 559
535 East 70th Street, C. R. B., Goldring, M., Otero, M., Plumb, D., Dragomir, C., Favero, M., EI Hachem, K., Hashimoto, K., Roach, H., Olivotto, E., et al. (2011) · European Cells and Materials · doi:10.22203/ecm.v021a16 · Cited by 489
Glass, G. E., Chan, J. K., Freidin, A., Feldmann, M., Horwood, N. J., & Nanchahal, J. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1018501108 · Cited by 383
Metadata
- Authors
- FUKUI, N., ZHU, Y., MALONEY, W. J., CLOHISY, J., & SANDELL, L. J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 85
- Pages
- 59-66
- ISSN
- 0021-9355 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1952701339
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 9.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- FUKUI, N., ZHU, Y., MALONEY, W. J., CLOHISY, J., & SANDELL, L. J. (2003). STIMULATION OF BMP-2 EXPRESSION BY PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IL-1 AND TNF-α IN NORMAL AND OSTEOARTHRITIC CHONDROCYTES. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200300003-00011
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