Positive effects of acute and moderate physical exercise on cognitive function
Open accessAbstract
Some researchers have reported that moderate physical exercise improves cognitive function, and that exercise at high intensity beyond the optimal point attenuates performance, in an inverted U-relationship. The optimal intensity of physical exercise for cognitive function might be related closely to the anaerobic threshold. It has been regarded as an extremely useful index for effective training intensity in cardiorespiratory fitness. This review specifically addresses acute physical exercise around the anaerobic threshold in healthy subjects and its effects on task performance during or after exercise. We discuss physiological factors for the facilitating effect of moderate exercise on cognitive function, which indicates the initial basis in complicated mechanisms of the benefits of physical exercise on cognitive performance.
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The current findings on acute PA and BDNF/EF are also applicable in younger age groups (children), whereas previous evidence was only in adults.
“Up until now, this was only investigated in adults, and thus, our results show that the current findings are also applicable in younger age groups.”
From The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Relation between Physical Activity and Executive Functioning in Children (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
The “Peripheral to CNS” section (page unavailable) reports prior human evidence linking acute exercise, increased serum BDNF, and cognitive performance. It does not establish that this had only been investigated in adults; the claimed applicability to children is the citing authors’ own conclusion, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe study's findings are in line with previous studies showing an increase in BDNF levels after acute PA which had a positive effect on cognitive performance.
“The results from our study are in line with previous studies looking into the effect of acute PA on BDNF and cognitive tasks. The studies of Kashihara et al. (2009) and Tomporowski et al. (2003), for example, showed an increase in BDNF levels after acute PA which had a positive effect cognitive performance [17,18].”
From The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Relation between Physical Activity and Executive Functioning in Children (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
The ‘Peripheral to CNS’ section reports that Ferris et al. (2007) found increased serum BDNF after acute cycling, improved cognitive performance, and a correlation between BDNF and Stroop-task results. But the Introduction identifies Kashihara et al. as a review, not the study that measured BDNF, and the reported correlation does not establish that the BDNF increase caused the cognitive improvement. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies of Kashihara et al. (2009) and Tomporowski et al. (2003) showed an increase in BDNF levels after acute PA which had a positive effect on cognitive performance.
“The studies of Kashihara et al. (2009) and Tomporowski et al. (2003), for example, showed an increase in BDNF levels after acute PA which had a positive effect cognitive performance [17,18].”
From The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Relation between Physical Activity and Executive Functioning in Children (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
In “Peripheral to CNS,” Kashihara et al. report that Ferris et al. (2007) found increased serum BDNF after acute cycling, improved cognitive function, and a correlation between BDNF and Stroop-task results. Kashihara et al. are reporting another study, not presenting their own BDNF finding; the reported correlation also does not establish that increased BDNF caused the cognitive improvement. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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References 92 · Cited by 238
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [22]22. Duffy E (1972) Activation. In Greenfield NS, Sternbach RA eds. Handbook of Psychophysiology (vol. 5). Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 577-595
- Authors
- Kashihara, K., Maruyama, T., Murota, M., & Nakahara, Y.
- Affiliations
- Nagoya Institute of Technology (JP)
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- Wayo Women's University (JP)
- ORCID
- Kashihara, Koji
- Venue
- Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 155-164
- ISSN
- 1880-6791 (ISSN-L)
- 1880-6805
- OpenAlex
- W2045952735
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20700392)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- acute exercise, cognitive function, anaerobic threshold, inverted U-shaped relationship, exercise intensity, cardiorespiratory fitness, task performance, physiological factors
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Heart Rate, Humans, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise
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