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Nondiffracting Supertoroidal Light Pulses: Optical "Kármán Vortex Streets"

Shen, Yijie, Papasimakis, Nikitas, Zheludev, Nikolay·2023
DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2613873/v1
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Abstract

Supertoroidal light pulses, as space-time nonseparable electromagnetic waves, provided unique super-resolution topological properties including skyrmionic configurations, fractal-like singularities, and energy backflow in free space, which however do not survive upon propagation. Here we introduce the nondiffracting supertoroidal pulses (NDSTPs), propagation-robust skyrmionic and vortex-ring field that endure the singular configurations over arbitrary propagation distances. Intriguingly, the field structure of NDSTPs has a strong similarity with a von Kármán vortex street, a pattern of swirling vortices in fluid and gas dynamics, as the "singing" of suspended telephone lines in wind. NDSTPs allow the study of the propagation dynamics of electromagnetic skyrmionic fields and will be of interest as directed energy channels for information transfer applications.

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Fig. 1 Spatiotemporal topologicalpulse evolutions. Propagation evolution of an elementary toroidal pulse ( a ) and a NDSTP ( b ): The distributions of the normalized TE mode electric fi elds of the pulses at three various times t =0, ± q 2/(2 c ) are plotted on the x -z plane. The red and blue 3D isosurfaces represent the locations with electric fi eld amplitude equal to 0.15 and -0.15, respectively, normalized to the corresponding maximum value. The blue, red, and yellow arrows mark the lengths of optical cycle ( q 1), Rayleigh range ( q 2), and transverse divergence ( q 3), respectively. Parameters used in simulation: a q 2 / q 1 =40; b q 2 / q 1 =100and q 3 / q 1 =1. Purple arrows mark the propagation pro fi le. See Supplementary Movie 1 for the dynamic evolutions.
Fig. 1 Spatiotemporal topologicalpulse evolutions. Propagation evolution of an elementary toroidal pulse ( a ) and a NDSTP ( b ): The distributions of the normalized TE mode electric fi elds of the pulses at three various times t =0, ± q 2/(2 c ) are plotted on the x -z plane. The red and blue 3D isosurfaces represent the locations with electric fi eld amplitude equal to 0.15 and -0.15, respectively, normalized to the corresponding maximum value. The blue, red, and yellow arrows mark the lengths of optical cycle ( q 1), Rayleigh range ( q 2), and transverse divergence ( q 3), respectively. Parameters used in simulation: a q 2 / q 1 =40; b q 2 / q 1 =100and q 3 / q 1 =1. Purple arrows mark the propagation pro fi le. See Supplementary Movie 1 for the dynamic evolutions.CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 2
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 3 Propagation robust singular structures. Thesingular structures of electric fi eld evolving with propagation versus the time for a focused STP ( q 3 = ∞ , α =50)( a ) andaNDSTP( q 3 =1, α =1)( b ): each panel presents an isoline plot of the logarithm of the electric fi eld (log 10 j E ! j ) of the pulse in the x -z plane at a given time. The
Fig. 3 Propagation robust singular structures. Thesingular structures of electric fi eld evolving with propagation versus the time for a focused STP ( q 3 = ∞ , α =50)( a ) andaNDSTP( q 3 =1, α =1)( b ): each panel presents an isoline plot of the logarithm of the electric fi eld (log 10 j E ! j ) of the pulse in the x -z plane at a given time. TheCC-BY · From the PDF
Image 4
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 5 Kármán vortex-ring streets. An artistic impression of a vortex-ring street analogue to the structure of magnetic fi eld of a NDSTP, where the right- and lefthanded vortex rings were highlighted by blue and red, respectively.
Fig. 5 Kármán vortex-ring streets. An artistic impression of a vortex-ring street analogue to the structure of magnetic fi eld of a NDSTP, where the right- and lefthanded vortex rings were highlighted by blue and red, respectively.CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 6 Spectral analysis. Plane wave spectra of an STP ( a1 ) and a NDSTP ( b1 ), and corresponding projections into the kz -ω / c plane ( a2 , b2 ). The light cone is represented by the blue surface in ( a1 , b1 ) and the blue lines in ( a2 , b2 ). The parameters of the STP and NDSTP are the same as the ones in Fig. 3a, b).
Fig. 6 Spectral analysis. Plane wave spectra of an STP ( a1 ) and a NDSTP ( b1 ), and corresponding projections into the kz -ω / c plane ( a2 , b2 ). The light cone is represented by the blue surface in ( a1 , b1 ) and the blue lines in ( a2 , b2 ). The parameters of the STP and NDSTP are the same as the ones in Fig. 3a, b).CC-BY · From the PDF

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Authors
Shen, Y., Papasimakis, N., & Zheludev, N.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-03-17
DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-2613873/v1
Cited by
1
References
0
Type
Preprint
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)

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