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여성의 경제활동참여와 자녀수와의 관계:직장 유형을 중심으로 (Sectoral Differences in the Relationship between Employment and Fertility Among Married Female)
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Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 경제활동이 총 자녀수, 둘째아 여부, 추가 출산 의향, 이상자녀수와 실제 자녀수 차이에 미치는 영향을 직장 유형을 중심으로 실증 분석하였다. 전국출산력 가족보건복지 실태조사 2009~2018년 자료를 합동 횡단면으로 구축하고, 개인 및 가구의 인구사회학적 특성, 경제적 요인, 가치관 요인을 통제 변수로 활용하여 포아송 및 이항 로지스틱 모형 분석을 시행한 결과, 기혼 여성의 취업, 특히 민간 기업에 취업한 경우 미취업대비 총 자녀수에 통계적으로 유의한 부의 영향이 있었다. 공공부문 취업과 미취업간에는둘째아 출산 여부에 차이가 없었고, 정부기관 취업은 다른 부문 취업 대비 총 자녀수와 둘째아 출산에 정의 영향이 있었다. 자녀 및 전통적 부부 역할에 대한 부정적 태도는 총 자녀수에 부의 영향이 있었다. 평균처리효과 추가 분석 결과 공공부문 취업은 민간 부문 취업 대비 총 자녀수 및 둘째아 출산에 정의 영향이 있었고 다른 부문 취업 대비 정부기관 취업의 경우에도 동일한 결과가 나타났다. 이는 기혼 여성의 취업과 자녀수와의 관계는 직장 유형에 따라 다르게 나타나며, 고용안정성, 일가정 양립 지원 제도, 연금을 통한 노후소득보장이 뒷받침된다면 기혼 여성의 경제활동 참여와 자녀 수간의 정의 순소득효과가 가능함을 시사한다. 여성의 경제활동 확대, 자녀와 가족에 대한 가치관 변화, 초혼 및 첫 임신 연령 증가의 사회적 추세를 감안할 때 저출산 극복을 위해서는 민간 부문의 일가정 양립 지원의 확대와 국민연금 개선, 직장과 가정내 양성평등 확립이 필요하다. English Abstract: This study examines the effect of employment status on fertility among married female with an emphasis on sectoral differences. Using a pooled data of the 2009-2018 National Survey on Fertility and Family Health and Welfare, the poisson models, logistics models and matching estimations for average treatment effect are conducted. Results show that employment of married female is likely to have negative effects on total number of children and having a second child. Private sector employment, compared to non-employment, has a particularly large negative effect on fertility whereas public sector employment does not. Employment in government sector is found to increase total number of children and the likelihood to have a second child. Strong negative attitudes to children and traditional gender roles within family are likely to reduce fertility. It implies that the relationship between employment status and fertility depends on sectors. Job security, work-life balance support, pension benefit improvement at work as well as gender equality at home would foster both labor force participation of females and fertility through a positive net income effect.
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“It found, like previous research, that while being employed reduces the total number of children women have, this effect was only observed among women working in the private sector.”
From Women’s employment and fertility in Korea: A literature review (2024) · cites this paper as Shin, 2022
In the citing paper
“The study shows that work-life balance initiatives influence childbirth.”
From Women’s employment and fertility in Korea: A literature review (2024) · cites this paper as Shin, 2022
In the citing paper
“However, Shin found that the likelihood of a woman having her first child was not influenced by the type or size of her workplace, but by employment stability and working hours.”
From Women’s employment and fertility in Korea: A literature review (2024) · cites this paper as Shin, 2022
In the citing paper
“In the case of the second childbirth, being employed in the private sector and working in a medium-sized enterprise had a negative impact.”
From Women’s employment and fertility in Korea: A literature review (2024) · cites this paper as Shin, 2022
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Women’s employment and fertility in Korea: A literature review
(2024) · OECD Economics Department Working Papers · doi:10.1787/ac53879e-en · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Shin, J.
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022
- ISSN
- 1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W7053926779
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- ko
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- KDI Central Archives (Korea Development Institute) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Keywords
- married women's labor force participation, number of children, public sector employees, private sector employment, work-family balance, gender attitudes, low fertility, job stability, National Pension Service
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- Shin, J. (2022). 여성의 경제활동참여와 자녀수와의 관계:직장 유형을 중심으로 (Sectoral Differences in the Relationship between Employment and Fertility Among Married Female). SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4054153