Open technical problems in open-weight ai model risk management
Open accessIntegrity signals
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many harms stem less from openness than from availability and capability, with widely available proprietary models also enabling misuse at scale.
“recent work emphasizes that many harms stem less from openness than from availability and capability, with widely available proprietary models also enabling misuse at scale [16].”
From Reimagining Open Source and Openness in AI: Co-Creating Responsible Technological Futures (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Cites
DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning
Guo, D., Yang, D., Zhang, H., Song, J., Wang, P., Zhu, Q., Xu, R., Zhang, R., Ma, S., Bi, X., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
Holistic Evaluation of Language Models
Bommasani, R., Liang, P., & Lee, T. (2023) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15007 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Self-citationAccountability in a computerized society
Nissenbaum, H. (1996) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/bf02639315 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
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Reimagining Open Source and Openness in AI: Co-Creating Responsible Technological Futures
Smith, G., Patel, H., Luo, S., Bobra, M., Brewer, J., Carson, C., Cruxen, I., Doshi, S., Gahntz, M., Garcia, N., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3805689.3806719
- Authors
- Casper, S., O'Brien, K., Longpre, S., Seger, E., Klyman, K., Bommasani, R., Nrusimha, A., Shumailov, I., Mindermann, S., Basart, S., Rudzicz, F., Pelrine, K., Ghosh, A., Strait, A., Kirk, R., Hendrycks, D., Henderson, P., Kolter, J. Z., Irving, G., Gal, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hadfield-Menell, D.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Apple (United States) (US)
- Centre for the Governance of AI (GB)
- Stanford University (US)
- Google DeepMind (United Kingdom) (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute (CA)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- Robert Bosch (United States) (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Casper, Stephen
- ORCID
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025
- ISSN
- 1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4415965747
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Keywords
- model safety, training data, training algorithms, model evaluation, model deployment, ecological monitoring, open research, technical challenges
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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