The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Access Denied The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering
Open accessAbstract
Internet filtering seems like an infringement of the civil liberties of all of us who use this free, public, unitary, global network of networks. But states have a strong argument that they have the right to control domestic matters, whether or not they occur in cyberspace, and there is often little that other states can do to influence them. The future of the Internet, if not all geopolitics, hangs in the balance.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“First, in financial terms, they are costly to develop and maintain,14 and even if offered free at the point of use, their costs are ultimate borne by the consumer or taxpayer.15”
From Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Digital and social media offer important new tools for social movements, activists, and state critics (1) as well as substantial avenues for expanding state surveillance and suppression of those same actors (2, 3).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Nation states’ use of digital surveillance (Table 1, cell 2) is long-standing and well-documented (2, 3, 52).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Corporate actions may also be compelled, whether through state ownership structures, domestic laws, or orders to private telecom companies, to restrict specific topics or cut access to citizens (2, 3, 130, 131).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 358
Directed Digital Dissidence in Autocracies
Gainous, J., Han, R., MacDonald, A. W., & Wagner, K. M. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197680384.001.0001 · Cited by 15
Mainframes and mandarins: The impact of internet use on institutional trust in East Asia
Huang, Y. C., Lu, Y., Kao, L., Choy, C. H. Y., & Chang, Y.-T. (2020) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101912 · Cited by 15
Data Flows and Global Trade Law
Burri, M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108919234.003 · Cited by 15
Following the Money: WikiLeaks and the Political Economy of Disclosure
Brevini, B., & Murdock, G. (2013) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137275745_3 · Cited by 14
The Neubot project: A collaborative approach to measuring internet neutrality
Martin, J. C. D., & Glorioso, A. (2008) · IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) · doi:10.1109/istas.2008.4559763 · Cited by 14
Uffelmann, D. (2011) · Journal of Eurasian Studies · doi:10.1016/j.euras.2011.03.008 · Cited by 14
The Social Impact of P2P Systems
Glorioso, A., Pagallo, U., & Ruffo, G. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09751-0_2 · Cited by 13
Terrorism and internet censorship
Meserve, S. A., & Pemstein, D. (2020) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343320959369 · Cited by 19
Challenging the Digital Gatekeepers: International Policy Initiatives for Free Expression
Hintz, A. (2012) · Journal of Information Policy · doi:10.5325/jinfopoli.2.2012.0128 · Cited by 13
Eneman, M. (2010) · Journal of Sexual Aggression · doi:10.1080/13552601003760014 · Cited by 13
Experience with Seattle: A Community Platform for Research and Education
Zhuang, Y., Rafetseder, A., & Cappos, J. (2013) · GENI Research and Educational Experiment Workshop (GREE) · doi:10.1109/gree.2013.16 · Cited by 11
‘Hacking multitude’ and Big Data: Some insights from the Turkish ‘digital coup’
Cardullo, P. (2015) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951715580599 · Cited by 13
Censorship of Online Encyclopedias
Yang, E., & Roberts, M. E. (2021) · ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT) · doi:10.1145/3442188.3445916 · Cited by 20
Ognyanova, K. (2010) · International Journal of E-Politics · doi:10.4018/jep.2010040101 · Cited by 12
Dimensions of Modern Freedom of Expression: WikiLeaks, Policy Hacking, and Digital Freedoms
Hintz, A. (2013) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137275745_9 · Cited by 11
E-Learning in the Arab Gulf: Responding to the Changing World of Education
Sultan, N. A., van de Bunt‐Kokhuis, S., Davidson, C., et al. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1611-1_4 · Cited by 11
Internet Freedom: Historic Roots and the Road Forward
Ross, A. (2010) · The SAIS review of international affairs · doi:10.1353/sais.2010.0003 · Cited by 11
Maitland, C. F., Thomas, H. F., & Tchouakeu, L.-M. N. (2012) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1057/jit.2012.20 · Cited by 11
Human Rights and Private Actors in the Online Domain
Jørgensen, R. F. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316838952.011 · Cited by 11
Hafkin, N. J. (2006) · Diaspora A Journal of Transnational Studies · doi:10.1353/dsp.2011.0072 · Cited by 15
Internet Shutdowns and the Limits of the Law
Gregorio, G. D., & Stremlau, N. (2020) · BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) · Cited by 10
Arabian nights: measuring the arab internet during the 2011 events
Shavitt, Y., & Zilberman, N. (2012) · IEEE Network · doi:10.1109/mnet.2012.6375897 · Cited by 10
Controlling New Media (Without the Law)
Burri, M. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203074572.ch18 · Cited by 10
After Egypt: The Limits and Promise of Online Challenges to the Authoritarian Arab
Lynch, S. (2011) · Cited by 10
Challenges to Freedom of Expression in the Digital World: Lessons from WikiLeaks and the Arab Spring
Hintz, A. (2012) · ESSACHESS/Essachess · Cited by 10
Yu, T., Lippmann, R. P., Riordan, J. F., et al. (2010) · doi:10.1145/1850795.1850796 · Cited by 10
Serving culturally diverse e‐learners in business schools
van de Bunt‐Kokhuis, S., & Weir, D. (2013) · Multicultural Education & Technology Journal · doi:10.1108/17504971311312609 · Cited by 9
The New International Telecommunication Regulations and the Internet
Hill, R. L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45416-5 · Cited by 9
Exit, voice and loyalty as firm strategic responses to institutional pressures
Lü, Y., Hu, S., Liang, Q., et al. (2013) · Chinese Management Studies · doi:10.1108/cms-nov-2011-0095 · Cited by 9
Whiskey, weed, and wukan on the world Wide Web: On measuring censors' resources and motivations
Aase, N., Crandall, J. R., Díaz, Á., et al. (2012) · Cited by 9
Discourse networks on state-mandated access blocking in Germany and France
Breindl, Y. (2013) · Info · doi:10.1108/info-03-2013-0011 · Cited by 8
Untangling the Net: the scope of content caught by mandatory internet filtering
Hartley, J. A., Lumby, C., & Green, L. (2009) · Cited by 9
Culture Jamming: From Activism to Hactivism
Hearn, K., Mahncke, R. J., & Williams, P. A. H. (2009) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine · doi:10.4225/75/57a7f10a9f480 · Cited by 8
Utopia Lost – Human Rights in a Digital World
Brantly, A. F. (2022) · Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0016.1238 · Cited by 12
How to Bypass Two Anonymity Revocation Schemes
Danezis, G., & Sassaman, L. (2008) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70630-4_12 · Cited by 8
Internet Regulation and Online Censorship
Koumartzis, N., & Veglis, A. A. (2014) · International Journal of E-Politics · doi:10.4018/ijep.2014100104 · Cited by 7
Arayankalam, J., Soral, P., Khan, A., Krishnan, S., & Bose, I. (2024) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2024.103919 · Cited by 11
Digitizing dissent: cyborg politics and fluid networks in contemporary Cuban activism
Kellogg, S. P. (2016) · Teknokultura Revista de Cultura Digital y Movimientos Sociales · doi:10.5209/rev_tk.2016.v13.n1.51780 · Cited by 7
Combating Child Exploitation in Second Life
García-Ruiz, M. Á., Martín, M. V., Ibrahim, A., Edwards, A. W., & Aquino-Santos, R. (2009) · IEEE Toronto International Conference Science and Technology for Humanity · doi:10.1109/tic-sth.2009.5444398 · Cited by 7
Pillay, K., & Maharaj, M. S. (2014) · South African journal of information management · doi:10.4102/sajim.v16i1.595 · Cited by 7
Googling for the trade–human rights nexus in China:
Gao, H. S. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139136716.014 · Cited by 7
Farrand, B. M., & Carrapico, H. F. (2013) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2013.843920 · Cited by 12
Calderaro, A. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2686095 · Cited by 7
Nguyen, L. H. P. (2018) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 7
de Ligny, S. D. W., van Geldere, S., Schäfer, M. T., & Meijer, A. J. (2025) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448251338290 · Cited by 6
“…and the narratives about DTs. Deconstructing such narratives has become a relevant endeavor of media and culture studies (Chun, 2006; Galloway, 2004 Deibert et al., 2008; Zittrain, 2009); for big data and AI, this critical work of deconstruction has been largely formulated in the emerging field of…”
National Web Studies: Mapping Iran Online
Rogers, R., Weltevrede, E., Niederer, S., et al. (2012) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 6
The puzzling interaction of trade and public morals in the digital era
Delimatsis, P. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139136716.015 · Cited by 6
Information and Communication Technology and Education in Muslim Context
Payvar, B. (2018) · International handbooks of religion and education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64683-1_21 · Cited by 6
Characteristics and stock prices of firms flamed on the Internet: The evidence from Japan
Adachi, Y., & Takeda, F. (2016) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2016.03.001 · Cited by 6
Information security framework
Fielden, K. (2010) · International Conference on Information Society · doi:10.1109/i-society16502.2010.6018758 · Cited by 5
From the Great Wall to the Great Firewall: A Historical Analysis of Surveillance
AKDUMAN, B. (2023) · International Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.52096/usbd.7.28.21 · Cited by 5
Bertola, V. (2010) · Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/14779961011093336 · Cited by 5
Building a Scalable Collaborative Web Filter with Free and Open Source Software
Noll, M. G., & Meinel, C. (2008) · doi:10.1109/sitis.2008.27 · Cited by 5
Colouring Inside the Lines: Using Technology to Regulate Children’s Behaviour Online
van den Berg, B. (2014) · Information technology and law series/Information technology & law series · doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-005-3_4 · Cited by 5
Herlo, B., Irrgang, D., Joost, G., & Unteidig, A. (2021) · Design · doi:10.1515/9783839457603 · Cited by 9
Astrachan, O. L. (2009) · ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) · doi:10.1145/1508865.1508933 · Cited by 5
A Global Empirical Evaluation of New Communication Technology Use and Democratic Tendency
Stodden, V., & Meier, P. P. (2013) · Cited by 5
Fielder, J. D. (2012) · doi:10.17077/etd.j3t8yn6n · Cited by 7
Moussa, M. B. (2011) · Cited by 5
Gorwa, R. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197692851.003.0002 · Cited by 4
Dealing with uncertainty in cyberspace
van den Berg, B. (2024) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2024.103939 · Cited by 4
Huang, W.-C. (2018) · Asiascape Digital Asia · doi:10.1163/22142312-12340093 · Cited by 4
From the Great Wall to the Great Firewall: A Historical Analysis of Surveillance
AKDUMAN, B. (2023) · International Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.52096/usbd.7.28.30 · Cited by 4
Social Media Censorship vs. State Responsibility for Human Rights Violations
Kulesza, J. (2014) · Public administration and information technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04666-2_15 · Cited by 4
Internet censorship in South Africa: a brief exposé of negative and positive trends
Bitso, C. (2014) · South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science · doi:10.7553/80-1-1388 · Cited by 4
Rogers, M., & Bhatti, S. N. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09751-0_28 · Cited by 4
An Holistic View of Information Security: A Proposed Framework
Fielden, K. (2011) · International Journal for Infonomics · doi:10.20533/iji.1742.4712.2011.0047 · Cited by 4
Internet Anonymity in Syria, Challenges and Solution
Eissa, T., & Cho, G. (2012) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5860-5_21 · Cited by 3
Rogerson, K., & Milton, D. (2013) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2013.843989 · Cited by 3
Choking the ‘periphery’: pride and prejudice in India’s globalizing Internet imaginary
Parray, M. I. (2021) · Internet Histories · doi:10.1080/24701475.2021.1984732 · Cited by 3
Online controls and the protest- repression nexus in Iran
Gohdes, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197743577.003.0007 · Cited by 4
The ‘Cuban Spring’ Fallacy: The Current Incarnation of a Persistent Narrative
Wylie, L., & Glidden, L. M. (2013) · International Journal of Cuban Studies · doi:10.13169/intejcubastud.5.2.0140 · Cited by 3
Machine Learning in the Tasks of Identifying Unwanted Content
Gorodnichev, M. G., Vanushina, A. V., Moseva, M. S., et al. (2019) · Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems (WECONF) · doi:10.1109/weconf.2019.8840130 · Cited by 3
Internet Governance and Human Rights: A Literature Review
Cath, C. (2019) · Digital ethics lab yearbook · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17152-0_8 · Cited by 3
Interactivity, the global conversation and World Service research: Digital China
Mackay, H., & Tong, J. (2011) · Open Research Online (The Open University) · Cited by 3
The global digital divide as impeded access to content
Burri, M. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139136716.022 · Cited by 3
Sameti, M., Kenary, S. S., Darjani, N. E., & Gharakhani, S. (2014) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v4-i7/1036 · Cited by 3
Oates, S. (2011) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-011-0045-4 · Cited by 3
The spatial bonds of WikiLeaks
Firmino, R., Melgaço, L. D. M., & Kloza, D. (2018) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2018.05.005 · Cited by 3
Closing the gap between UNGPS and content regulation/moderation practices
Smart, S., & Manus, A. C. M. (2022) · Revista de Direito Internacional · doi:10.5102/rdi.v19i2.8380 · Cited by 3
Holt, D. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1761606 · Cited by 3
Notley, T. (2008) · Creative Industries Faculty · Cited by 3
Ellis, L. J. (2026) · Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) · doi:10.82444/warw.33712564 · Cited by 3
The DVD region code system: Standardizing home video’s disjunctive global flows
Elkins, E. (2014) · International Journal of Cultural Studies · doi:10.1177/1367877914547300 · Cited by 4
Singh, J. P. (2014) · Global power shift · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55010-2_16 · Cited by 1
Bribery and corruption in telecommunications – The Republic of Azerbaijan
Sutherland, E. (2015) · Info · doi:10.1108/info-04-2015-0022 · Cited by 2
Alves, A. D. M. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Communication · doi:10.22230/cjc.2015v40n3a2742 · Cited by 2
Civil Society in Context of a Legal Temperament: Is the Watchdog a Capable Person?
Ndou, S. D., & Sebola, M. P. (2014) · Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p908 · Cited by 2
Mining for Norms in Clouds: Complying to Ethical Communication through Cloud Text Data Mining
Khan, A. N., Aslam, M., & Enriquez, A. M. M. (2012) · doi:10.1109/ucc.2012.59 · Cited by 2
Warf, B. (2012) · Springer briefs in geography · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1245-4_3 · Cited by 2
The role of ICT in cultivating innovation
Mourtada, R., & Salem, F. (2010) · International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance · doi:10.1145/1930321.1930403 · Cited by 2
The internet as a democratising force
Laidlaw, E. B. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107278721.002 · Cited by 2
Williams, P. (2010) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-852-9.ch001 · Cited by 2
Internet Filtering Software and Its Effects
Sutton, L. S. (2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1081/e-elis3-120044425 · Cited by 2
Characteristics and Stock Prices of Firms Flamed on the Internet: The Evidence from JapanPreprint
Adachi, Y., & Takeda, F. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2574052 · Cited by 2
Filteren van kinderporno op internet
Stol, W., Kaspersen, H. W. K., Kerstens, J., et al. (2008) · VU Research Portal · Cited by 2
What are online controls, and how do they work?
Gohdes, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197743577.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Gohdes, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197743577.003.0009 · Cited by 1
Gorwa, R. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197692851.003.0009 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Deibert, R., Palfrey, J., Rohozinski, R., & Zittrain, J. L.
- Venue
- CrimRxiv
- Publisher
- Knowledge Futures
- Published
- 2008-02-01
- OpenAlex
- W2138011829
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 30
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- CrimRxiv (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Freedom of Expression and Defamation
- Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
- Keywords
- internet filtering, civil liberties, internet governance, geopolitics, censorship, freedom of expression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review