Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Static Strength Training Improves Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Motor Function in Aged Rats via the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 Pathway
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BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Most studies have focused on dynamic resistance exercises for preventing muscular decline and maintaining the muscle strength of older individuals. However, this training mode is impractical for older people with osteoarthritis and a limited range of motion. The static strength training mode is more suitable for older people. Therefore, a determination of the effect and mechanism of static strength training on sarcopenia is critical. METHODS: In this study, we developed a training device designed to collect training data and evaluate the effects of static training on the upper limbs of rats. The expression of PGC-1α was locally blocked by injecting a siRNA at the midpoint of the biceps to determine whether PGC-1α signal transduction participates in the effects of high-intensity interval static training on muscle strength. Then, the rat's motor capacity was measured after static strength training. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were applied to determine PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 expression levels in the muscle and adipose tissue. The serum irisin level was also detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Increased levels of serum irisin and local expression of FNDC5, PGC-1α, and UCP1 were observed in the biceps brachii and surrounding fatty tissue after static strength training. Static strength training showed an advantage in reducing body weight and white fat accumulation while increasing the muscle fiber volume, which resulted in a longer training time and shorter rest time. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results indicated that high-intensity interval static training prevents skeletal muscle atrophy and improves the motor function of aged rats through the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 signaling pathway.
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High-intensity interval static strength training in aged rats increased muscle fiber volume, prevented atrophy, and improved motor function via the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 signaling pathway, leading to elevated circulating irisin and stimulating white-to-brown fat conversion.
“a high-intensity interval static strength training (eight weeks) program in aged rats increased the muscle fiber volume, prevented atrophy, and improved motor function via the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 signaling pathway, leading to elevated circulating levels of irisin and subsequently stimulating the conversion of white fat into brown fat (Figure 1) [22].”
From Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
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References 43 · Cited by 32
- Authors
- Liu, Y., Guo, C., Liu, S., Zhang, S., Mao, Y., & Fang, L.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Fang, Lei
- Venue
- Clinical Interventions in Aging
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- Volume 16
- Pages
- 811-821
- ISSN
- 1176-9092 (ISSN-L)
- 1178-1998
- PMC
- PMC8139720
- OpenAlex
- W3161780658
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Interventions in Aging (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, skeletal muscle atrophy, high-intensity interval training, PGC-1α, FNDC5, irisin, UCP1, motor function, aging, biceps brachii, white adipose tissue, siRNA knockdown, training device
- MeSH terms
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Uncoupling Protein 1, High-Intensity Interval Training, Aging, Animals, Atrophy, Body Weight, Fibronectins, Male, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Transcription Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Muscle, Skeletal, RNA, Small Interfering, Rats, Adipose Tissue, White, Resistance Training
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