Level of sustained glycemic control and associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The level of sustained glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major determinant of the occurrence of both acute and chronic complications. However, information about the level of glycemic control among patients in the follow-up care at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital is scanty. The study assessed the degree of glycemic control and associated factors among diabetic patients in the study area. METHOD: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital. All diabetic patients aged ≥18 years who visited the Diabetes Clinic in January and February 2013 for follow-up medical evaluation and medication participated in the study. Patients with glycosylated hemoglobin test (HbA1c) of ≥7% were classified as having a poor level of glycemic control. Propensity score was used to estimate the treatment effect. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the associated factors. RESULT: Two hundred and fifty three (64.7%) of the 391 diabetic patients included in the study had a poor level of glycemic control, as evidenced by HbA1c ≥7%. Poor glycemic control was much higher among Type 1 patients (82.9%) compared with Type 2 patients (57.5%). Being on insulin treatment (AOR =2.51; 95% CI =1.25, 5.04) and reporting poor medication adherence (AOR =3.19; 95% CI =1.76, 5.80) were found to be associated with poor glycemic control among Type 2 DM patients. High waist circumference was inversely associated with a poor level of glycemic control in Type 1 DM patients (AOR =0.05; 95% CI =0.01, 0.85). CONCLUSION: The proportion of diabetic patients with a poor level of glycemic control is high. We recommend a comprehensive intervention to improve the overall treatment adherence with special attention to DM patients receiving insulin.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Of the 46 eligible articles, 9 were excluded from meta-analyses of different factors because they did not report factors or did not properly report them.
“Of these articles, 9 articles were excluded from meta-analyses of different factors due to the fact that some articles did not report factors or did not properly report the factors.25,47-54”
From Prevalence of Glycemic Control and Factors Associated With Poor Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
The Methods (Data analysis) and Results report factors associated with glycemic control, including adjusted odds ratios. Our copy does not address the citing review’s 46 eligible articles, which nine it excluded, or whether this paper’s reporting met that review’s requirements for meta-analysis. Searches for the exclusion and for factor reporting did not establish the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Peyrot, M., Barnett, A. H., Meneghini, L. F., & Schumm‐Draeger, P. ‐. (2012) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03605.x · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Factors associated with poor glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes
Khattab, M., Khader, Y. S., Al-Khawaldeh, A., & Ajlouni, K. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.12.008 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a conspiracy of disease, suboptimal therapy and attitude
WALLACE, T. M. (2000) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/93.6.369 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- [1]BeLue R Okoror TA Iwelunmor J An overview of cardiovascular risk factor burden in sub-Saharan African countries: a socio-cultural perspective Global Health 2009 5 10 19772644 PMC2759909
- [2]Donnan PT MacDonald TM Morris AD Adherence to prescribed oral hypoglycaemic medication in a population of patients with Type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study Diabet Med 2002 19 4 279 284 11942998
- [3]Al-Qazaz H Hassali MA Shafie AA The eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale MMAS: translation and validation of the Malaysian version Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010 90 2 216 221 20832888 PMC3109726
- [4]Abebe SM Berhane Y Worku A Barriers to diabetes medication adherence in North West Ethiopia Springerplus 2014 3 195 24834373 PMC4021033
- [5]Grundy SM Brewer HB Jr Cleeman JI Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition Circulation 2004 109 3 433 438 14744958
- [6]Moreira ED Jr Neves RC Nunes ZO Glycemic control and its correlates in patients with diabetes in Venezuela: results from a nationwide survey Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010 87 3 407 414 20060190
- [7]Tseng KH Standards of medical care in diabetes–2006: response to the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care 2006 29 11 2563 2564 author reply 2564–2565 17065711
- [8]Keen H The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Health Trends 1994 26 2 41 43 10137725
- [9]Jennifer Patry-Parisien MSaSB Comparison of waist circumference using the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health protocols 9 2012 23061265
- [10]Otieno CF Kariuki M Ng’ang’a L Quality of glycaemic control in ambulatory diabetics at the out-patient clinic of Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi East Afr Med J 2003 80 8 406 410 14601781
- [11]Zemlin AE Matsha TE Hassan MS HbA1c of 6.5% to diagnose diabetes mellitus–does it work for us? – the Bellville South Africa study PloS One 2011 6 8 e22558 21857932 PMC3155525
- [12]Angamo MT Melese BH Ayen WY Determinants of gly cemic control among insulin treated diabetic patients in Southwest Ethiopia: hospital based cross sectional study PloS One 2013 8 4 e61759 23620789 PMC3631159
- [13]Odegard PS Gray SL Barriers to medication adherence in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus Diabetes Educ 2008 34 4 692 697 18669811
- [14]Benoit SR Fleming R Philis-Tsimikas A Predictors of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal study BMC Public Health 2005 5 36 15833140 PMC1090595
- [18]Baradaran HR Knill-Jones RP Wallia S A controlled trial of the effectiveness of a diabetes education programme in a multi-ethnic community in Glasgow [ISRCTN28317455] BMC public health 2006 6 134 16709243 PMC1489930
- [19]Miras AD Risstad H Baqai N Application of the International Diabetes Federation and American Diabetes Association criteria in the assessment of metabolic control after bariatric surgery Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2013 23841525
- [20]Osterberg L Blaschke T Adherence to medication N Engl J Med 2005 353 5 487 497 16079372
- [21]Raum E Kramer HU Ruter G Medication non-adherence and poor glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012 97 3 377 384 22763108
- [22]Castaneda C Janssen I Ethnic comparisons of sarc`openia and obesity in diabetes Ethn Dis 2005 15 4 664 670 16259491
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tekalegn, Y., Addissie, A., Kebede, T., & Ayele, W. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193442 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Nigussie, S., Birhan, N., Amare, F., Mengistu, G., Adem, F., & Abegaz, T. M. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251506 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Bitew, Z. W., Alemu, A., Jember, D. A., Tadesse, E., Getaneh, F. B., Seid, A., & Weldeyonnes, M. (2023) · INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing · doi:10.1177/00469580231155716 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Mideksa, S., Ambachew, S., Biadgo, B., & Baynes, H. W. (2018) · Adipocyte · doi:10.1080/21623945.2018.1467716 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Abebe, S. M., Berhane, Y., Worku, A., Alemu, S., & Mesfin, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Gondar (ET)
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ET)
- Addis Ababa University (ET)
- Corresponding author
- Abebe, Solomon Mekonnen
- Venue
- Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 65
- ISSN
- 1178-7007 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4315535
- OpenAlex
- W2037428051
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- University of Gondar
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- glycemic control, diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy, medication adherence, waist circumference, risk factors, Ethiopia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
