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Cited by 24Student Stress and CopingChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychosocial Factors Impacting Youth

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Academic Pressure and Psychological Imbalance in High School Students: Predictors of Depression via Polynomial Regression and Response Surface Analysis

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Ye, Yanyue, Zhang, Zheng, Tao, Zhen, Liping, Cui, Wang, Yuxin, Chen, Hui, Li, Sihong, Chen, Xianliang, Tang, Huajia, Zhou, Jiawei, Zhou, Jiansong·2025·Psychology Research and Behavior Management
DOI 10.2147/prbm.s498606PMC PMC11724657
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Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore how the congruence between academic pressure and psychological imbalance affects depressive symptoms in adolescents and to further explore grade-level differences in these effects among high school students. Methods: The study population consisted of 29,975 high school students from 20 schools in Liuyang City, Hunan Province. The Mental Health Scale for Secondary School Students (MSSMHS) and Self-Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess academic pressure, psychological imbalance and depressive symptoms. The effects of academic pressure and psychological imbalance were examined by polynomial regression and response surface analysis. Results: The results showed that the lowest level of academic pressure (F = 35.99, p < 0.001), psychological imbalance (F = 54.50, p < 0.001), and depressive symptoms (F = 9.36, p < 0.001) was found in repeaters, while the highest level was found in twelfth graders. Academic pressure was positively associated with psychological disequilibrium, and both were positively associated with adolescent depressive symptoms. Furthermore, when academic pressure and psychological imbalance are aligned, adolescent depressive symptoms increase with the first two. In addition, adolescent depressive symptoms decreased as the difference between academic pressure and psychological imbalance increased. Conclusion: This study elucidates the non-linear relationship between academic pressure, psychological imbalance and depressive symptoms, and that adopting appropriate strategies to reduce academic pressure and adjust psychological balance is crucial for the prevention of depression in adolescents.

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  • When both academic pressure and psychological imbalance are high, the risk of depressive symptoms is amplified, with effects largest in pivotal exam years.

    “Response surface work further reveal that when both academic pressure and psychological imbalance are high, the risk of depressive symptoms is amplified, with effects largest in pivotal exam years (22).”

    From Academic stress in adolescents: findings from a school-based study in Belagavi district (2025) · cites this paper as [22]

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Metadata

Authors
Ye, Y., Zhang, Z., Tao, Z., Liping, C., Wang, Y., Chen, H., Li, S., Chen, X., Tang, H., Zhou, J., & Zhou, J.
Affiliations
  • Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (CN)
  • Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering (CN)
Corresponding author
Zhou, Jiansong
ORCID
Venue
Psychology Research and Behavior Management
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2025-01
Volume
Volume 18
Pages
15-23
ISSN
1179-1578 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2147/prbm.s498606
PMC
PMC11724657
OpenAlex
W4406104439
Cited by
24
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 8
FWCI
47.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Psychology Research and Behavior Management (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (STI2030, (82071543, 2021ZD0200700, 82471568)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Keywords
academic stress, psychological imbalance, adolescent depression, depressive symptoms, high school students, grade level differences, nonlinear relationship, repeaters, depression prevention

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