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Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Development of Therapeutic Proteins
Abstract
With an increasing number of therapeutic proteins moving into preclinical and clinical development, pharmacokinetic factors play an important role in the development of these macromolecules. It is also important that the pharmacokinetic evaluation of these compounds be done as accurately as possible. For macromolecules, evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters is often complicated by a number of factors. Bioanalytical methods are essential for any pharmacokinetic study, but for many therapeutic proteins the immunoassay and bioassay methodologies are often nonspecific and sometimes the estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters becomes assay dependent. In vivo binding proteins, metabolites and antibody formation may also interfere with bioanalytical methodologies and thus may have significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins. There are also difficulties in identifying and quantifying metabolites as well as the binding of therapeutic proteins to endogenous proteins. Some macromolecules exhibit species specificity that complicates the preclinical pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of these compounds. Antibody formation is a particular problem in the preclinical evaluation of therapeutic proteins. Changes in structure or sequence of protein molecules (glycosylation or pegylation) may cause changes in the pharmacokinetics of these compounds. The size of therapeutic proteins may become a hindrance for absorption. Low absorption of intact molecules across biological membranes frequently occurs. Other factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics of a therapeutic protein are immunogenicity, presence of endogenous protein, time of drug administration, and rate and site of drug delivery. The relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of therapeutic proteins is complex and in most cases is unclear. In many cases the mechanism and site of action are unknown for these compounds.
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“It can influence pharmacokinetics also by protecting proteins from proteolytic degradation in vivo [216].”
From GANAB and N-Glycans Substrates Are Relevant in Human Physiology, Polycystic Pathology and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [216]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mahmood, I., & Green, M. D.
- Affiliations
- United States Food and Drug Administration (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mahmood, Iftekhar
- ORCID
- Mahmood, Iftekhar
- Venue
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 331-347
- ISSN
- 0312-5963 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038900628
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein purification and stability
- Keywords
- therapeutic proteins, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioanalytical methods, immunoassay interference, protein binding, metabolite quantification, species specificity, antibody production, immunogenicity, glycosylation, PEGylation, protein absorption, drug delivery, preclinical evaluation
- MeSH terms
- Absorption, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Glycosylation, Humans, Kidney, Liver, Polyethylene Glycols, Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, Drug Delivery Systems
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