Assessment of Cau River water quality assessment using a combination of water quality and pollution indices
Abstract
This research aims at using a combined water quality index (WQI) and pollution index (PI) to assess and characterize river water quality of Cau River which is one of the longest rivers in the north of Vietnam. Five different water quality and water pollution indices were used including the Water Quality Index (WQI), Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI), Organic Pollution Index (OPI), Eutrophication Index (EI), and Trace Metal Pollution Index (TPI). The combined water pollution indices show more serious pollution towards the river downstream. In particular, CPI and OPI reveal a high risk of eutrophication. Cluster analysis was applied to classify water monitoring points into different quality groups in order to provide a better understanding of the water status in the river. This study indicates that a combined water quality analysis could be an option for decision making water use purposes while its single index shows the current situation of water quality.
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Different calculation methods are known as OPIs.
“Different calculation methods are known as OPIs (Anny et al. 2017; Son et al. 2020; Chen et al. 2023; Makki et al. 2023).”
From A study of surface water quality using organic pollution indices: Comparative characteristics and educational opportunities (2025) · cites this paper as Son et al. 2020
Son et al. (2020) calculated OPI using Equation (4) based on COD, DO, DIN and PO4, not BOD, with categories: excellent OPI <0, good OPI = 0-1, polluted OPI = 1-4, extremely polluted OPI = 4-5.
“An OPI was calculated by Son et al. (2020) using Equation (4) and the pollution level of a water based on four parameters: COD, DO, the concentration of DIN and PO 3 4 . DIN is the total concentration of N-NH3, NO 3 and nitrite ions (NO 2 ). The BOD values of Son et al. (2020), unlike those of Chen et al. (2022), Anny et al. (2017) and Makki et al. (2023), are not considered. OPIs by Son et al. (”
From A study of surface water quality using organic pollution indices: Comparative characteristics and educational opportunities (2025) · cites this paper as Son et al. 2020
Cited by
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Biedunkova, O., Kuznietsov, P., & Korbutiak, V. (2025) · Water Quality Research Journal · doi:10.2166/wqrj.2025.044 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Son, C. T., Giang, N. T. H., Thao, T. P., Nui, N. H., Lam, N. T., & Cong, V. H.
- Affiliations
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Centre For Environmental Monitoring Portal, 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Venue
- Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua
- Publisher
- IWA Publishing
- Published
- 2020-01-20
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 160-172
- ISSN
- 0003-7214
- 1605-3974
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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