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Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of greywater via UASB and MBR for unrestricted reuse
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of integrated up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) as anaerobic system followed by membrane bioreactor (MBR) as aerobic system for the treatment of greywater for unrestricted reuse. Pilot-scale UASB and MBR units were installed and operated in the NRC, Egypt. Real raw greywater was subjected to UASB and the effluent was further treated with microfiltration MBR. The necessary trans-membrane pressure difference is applied by the water head above the membrane (gravity flow) without any energy input. The average characteristics of the raw greywater were 95, 392, 298, 10.45, 0.4, 118.5 and 28 mg/L for total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphates, nitrates, oil and grease, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), respectively. The pH was 6.71. The UASB treatment efficiency reached 19.3, 57.8, 67.5 and 83.7% for TSS, COD, BOD5 and oil and grease, respectively. When the UASB effluent was further treated with MBR, the overall removal rate achieved 97.7, 97.8, 97.4 and 95.8% for the same parameters successively. The characteristics of the final effluent reached 2.5, 8.5, 6.1, 0.95, 4.6 and 2.3 mg/L for TSS, COD, BOD, phosphates, oil and grease and TKN, respectively. This final treated effluent could cope with the unrestricted water reuse of local Egyptian guidelines.
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“After treatment, the effluent concentration was 76.65, 165.4 96.85 and 19.31 mg/L for TSS, COD, BOD5 and oil and grease respectively.”
From Greywater Characteristics, Treatment Systems, Reuse Strategies and User Perception—a Review (2018) · cites this paper as Abdel-Shafy et al. 2015
In the citing paper
“This represents removal efficiencies of 19.3% for TSS, 57.8% for COD, 67.5% for BOD5 and 83% for oil and grease.”
From Greywater Characteristics, Treatment Systems, Reuse Strategies and User Perception—a Review (2018) · cites this paper as Abdel-Shafy et al. 2015
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Research works printed but not linked: 23
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Greywater Characteristics, Treatment Systems, Reuse Strategies and User Perception—a Review
Oteng-Peprah, M., Acheampong, M. A., & deVries, N. K. (2018) · Water, Air, & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-018-3909-8 · Cited by 367
Quantity and quality characteristics of greywater: A review
Shaikh, I. N., & Ahammed, M. M. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110266 · Cited by 175
Sorption, coagulation, and biodegradation for graywater treatment
Thompson, K. A., Valencia, E. W., Summers, R. S., & Cook, S. M. (2020) · Water Science and Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2020.273 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Abdel-Shafy, H. I., Al-Sulaiman, A. M., & Mansour, M. S. M.
- Affiliations
- Water Research & Polluted Control Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Cairo University (EG)
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EG)
- Venue
- Water Science and Technology
- Publisher
- IWA Publishing
- Published
- 2014-12-10
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 630-637
- ISSN
- 0273-1223 (ISSN-L)
- 1996-9732
- OpenAlex
- W2321257493
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Membrane Separation Technologies
- Keywords
- greywater treatment, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, membrane bioreactor, microfiltration, COD removal, BOD removal, suspended solids removal, oil and grease removal, nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal
- MeSH terms
- Aerobiosis, Anaerobiosis, Egypt, Nitrates, Sewage, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Bioreactors, Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of greywater via UASB and MBR for unrestricted reuse. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2166/wst.2014.504
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- Abdel-Shafy, H. I., Al-Sulaiman, A. M., & Mansour, M. S. M. (2015). Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of greywater via UASB and MBR for unrestricted reuse. Water Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.504
