GABAA Receptors in Normal Development and Seizures: Friends or Foes?
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GABA(A) receptors have an age-adapted function in the brain. During early development, they mediate excitatory effects resulting in activation of calcium sensitive signaling processes that are important for the differentiation of the brain. In more mature stages of development and in adults, GABA(A) receptors transmit inhibitory signals. The maturation of GABA(A) signaling follows sex-specific patterns, which appear to also be important for the sexual differentiation of the brain. The inhibitory effects of GABA(A) receptor activation have been widely exploited in the treatment of conditions where neuronal silencing is necessary. For instance, drugs that target GABA(A) receptors are the mainstay of treatment of seizures. Recent evidence suggests however that the physiology and function of GABA(A) receptors changes in the brain of a subject that has epilepsy or status epilepticus.This review will summarize the physiology of and the developmental factors regulating the signaling and function of GABA(A) receptors; how these may change in the brain that has experienced prior seizures; what are the implications for the age and sex specific treatment of seizures and status epilepticus. Finally, the implications of these changes for the treatment of certain forms of medically refractory epilepsies and status epilepticus will be discussed.
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A significant interaction between three polymorphisms in the GABA receptor gene is involved in PTSD prediction in correlation to childhood trauma severity.
“Moreover, a significant interaction between three polymorphisms in the GABA receptor gene was reported to be involved in PTSD prediction in correlation to childhood trauma severity [192].”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [192]
Dopamine transporter SLC6A3 and promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms seem to give high risk of PTSD, especially in increased risk environment factors.
“In this way, dopamine transporter SLC6A3 and promoter region of the serotonin transporter genes polymorphisms seem to give high risk of PTSD, especially in increased risk environment factors [192].”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [192]
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References 353 · Cited by 156
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [12]Babb TL Brown WJ Engel JJ Pathological findings in epilepsy Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies 1987 NY Raven Press 511 540
- Authors
- Galanopoulou, A.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Galanopoulou, Aristea
- Venue
- Current Neuropharmacology
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2008-03-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 1570-159X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2645547
- OpenAlex
- W2003169183
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 353
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NS-20253)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K08NS045243, R01NS020253, R56NS020253)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- GABAA receptor, GABAergic neurotransmission, brain development, seizures, status epilepticus, epilepsy, sex differences, sexual differentiation of the brain, age-specific treatment, antiepileptic drugs, drug-resistant epilepsy, inhibitory neurotransmission
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