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The Role of Suggestions in Hypnosis for Chronic Pain: A Review of the Literature
Open accessAbstract
Several controlled trials have demonstrated that hypnosis is an efficacious treatment for chronic pain. However, less attention has been given to the specific procedures and suggestions used in hypnotic treatments in research. The goal of this review was to address the issue of differences in the content of hypnotic suggestions, including pain management suggestions, non-pain related suggestions, and posthypnotic suggestions, in the context of published clinical trials of hypnosis for chronic pain management. This review focused on the types of suggestions used in twenty five studies comparing hypnosis to active treatments (e.g., relaxation, biofeedback), non-treatment control groups (e.g., standard care/wait-list control, supportive attention), or both in adult populations with various chronic pain conditions. Overall, these studies found hypnosis to be more effective than non-treatment control groups and similarly effective when compared to active treatments on pain-related outcomes when either pain-related suggestions or non-pain related suggestions were used. However, for studies that included both pain-specific and non-pain related suggestions, hypnosis was found to be superior to active treatments on a variety of pain-related outcomes.
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Hypnosis, particularly with the inclusion of analgesic suggestions, has been shown to lead to reductions in pain severity and improved function, for groups of clients with conditions such as persistent neck and lower back pain.
“Hypnosis, particularly with the inclusion of analgesic suggestions, has also been shown to lead to reductions in pain severity and improved function, for groups of clients with conditions such as persistent neck and lower back pain.20,21”
From Psychological interventions for women with persistent pelvic pain: A survey of mental health clinicians (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
The Introduction’s discussion of pain-specific suggestions reports reductions in pain outcomes across chronic-pain studies, and the review includes two studies of low-back pain. It does not establish the claimed combination of reduced pain severity and improved function in people with persistent neck and lower-back pain; neck pain is not identified among the conditions reviewed, and its discussion of walking and standing time says CBT outperformed hypnosis. Page numbers were not supplied in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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References 54 · Cited by 50
Metadata
- Authors
- Dillworth, T., & Jensen, M. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dillworth, Tiara
- ORCID
- Jensen, Mark P.
- Venue
- The Open Pain Journal
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2010-06-04
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-51
- ISSN
- 1876-3863 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3113537
- OpenAlex
- W2161995972
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Open Pain Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD057916)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- hypnosis, hypnotic suggestion, chronic pain, pain management, posthypnotic suggestion, relaxation, biofeedback, placebo comparison, pain outcomes
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