The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Water Quality Improvement through Bioretention: Lead, Copper, and Zinc Removal
Abstract
Intensive automobile use, weathering of building materials, and atmospheric deposition contribute lead, copper, zinc, and other heavy metals to urban and roadway runoff. Bioretention is a low‐impact‐development best management practice that has the potential to improve stormwater quality from developed areas. The practice represents a soil, sand, organic matter, and vegetation‐based storage and infiltration facility used in parking lots and on individual lots to treat runoff. Investigations using pilot‐plant laboratory bioretention systems and two existing bioretention facilities documented their effectiveness at removing low levels of lead, copper, and zinc from synthetic stormwater runoff. Removal rates of these metals (based on concentration and total mass) were excellent, reaching close to 100% for all metals under most conditions, with effluent copper and lead levels mostly less than 5 μg/L and zinc less than 25 μg/L. Somewhat less removal was noted for shallow bioretention depths. Runoff pH, duration, intensity, and pollutant concentrations were varied, and all had minimal effect on removal. The two field investigations generally supported the laboratory studies. Overall, excellent removal of dissolved heavy metals can be expected through bioretention infiltration. Although the accumulation of metals is a concern, buildup problems are not anticipated for more than 15 years because of the low metal concentrations expected in runoff.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Less than obvious - statistical treatment of data below the detection limit
Helsel, D. R. (1990) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es00082a001 · Cited by 680
Laboratory Study of Biological Retention for Urban Stormwater Management
Davis, A. P., Shokouhian, M., Sharma, H., & Minami, C. (2001) · Water Environment Research · doi:10.2175/106143001x138624 · Cited by 487
Self-citationEbbs, S. D., & Kochian, L. V. (1998) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es970698p · Cited by 332
Low-Impact Parking Lot Design Reduces Runoff and Pollutant Loads
Rushton, B. T. (2001) · Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management · doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2001)127:3(172 · Cited by 283
Brown, S. L., Chaney, R. L., Angle, J. S., & Baker, A. J. M. (1995) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es00006a022 · Cited by 269
Characterization and Pollutant Loading Estimation for Highway Runoff
Wu, J. S., Allan, C. J., Saunders, W. L., & Evett, J. B. (1998) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1998)124:7(584 · Cited by 261
Chelate-Assisted Pb Phytoextraction: Pb Availability, Uptake, and Translocation Constraints
Wu, J., Hsu, F. C., & Cunningham, S. D. (1999) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es9809253 · Cited by 219
Accumulation Forms of Zn and Pb in Phaseolus vulgaris in the Presence and Absence of EDTA
Sarret, G., Vangronsveld, J., Manceau, A., Musso, M., D'Haen, J., Menthonnex, J.-J., & Hazemann, J.-L. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es000219d · Cited by 195
The Phytoavailability of Cadmium to Lettuce in Long‐Term Biosolids‐Amended Soils
Brown, S. L., Chaney, R. L., Angle, J. S., & Ryan, J. A. (1998) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050012x · Cited by 143
Field Test of Grassed-Swale Performance in Removing Runoff Pollution
Yu, S. L., Kuo, J., Fassman-Beck, E. A., & Pan, H. (2001) · Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management · doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2001)127:3(168 · Cited by 115
Cited by
Water Quality Improvement through Bioretention Media: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal
Davis, A. P., Shokouhian, M., Sharma, H., & Minami, C. (2006) · Water Environment Research · doi:10.2175/106143005x94376 · Cited by 464
Self-citationEvaluation and Optimization of Bioretention Media for Treatment of Urban Storm Water Runoff
Hsieh, C.-H., & Davis, A. P. (2005) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2005)131:11(1521 · Cited by 447
Self-citationVariation among plant species in pollutant removal from stormwater in biofiltration systems
Read, J., Wevill, T., Fletcher, T., & Deletic, A. (2008) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.08.036 · Cited by 322
Field Performance of Bioretention: Water Quality
Davis, A. P. (2007) · Environmental Engineering Science · doi:10.1089/ees.2006.0190 · Cited by 306
Self-citationMeeting hydrologic and water quality goals through targeted bioretention design
Hunt, W. F., Davis, A. P., & Traver, R. G. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000504 · Cited by 272
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Davis, A. P., Shokouhian, M., Sharma, H., Minami, C., & Winogradoff, D.
- Venue
- Water Environment Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-82
- ISSN
- 0043-1303 (ISSN-L)
- 1061-4303
- 1554-7531
- OpenAlex
- W2336773152
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 13.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Water Quality Improvement through Bioretention: Lead, Copper, and Zinc Removal. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2175/106143003x140854
- The paper
- Davis, A. P., Shokouhian, M., Sharma, H., Minami, C., & Winogradoff, D. (2003). Water Quality Improvement through Bioretention: Lead, Copper, and Zinc Removal. Water Environment Research. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143003x140854
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
