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The Accurate Diagnosis of Early-Onset Dementia
Abstract
Early-onset dementia (EOD, <65 years at onset) is a relatively common and frequently misdiagnosed condition. One reason for misdiagnosis is that EOD has a more varied differential diagnosis than late-onset dementia (LOD). For example, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the preponderant LOD, makes up only about one-third of EODs; the rest are due to vascular dementias, frontotemporal lobar degenerations, traumatic head injury, alcohol-related dementia, and a great many other conditions. Another reason for misdiagnosis is that early-onset AD may have predominant cognitive deficits other than memory loss and a potential familial inheritance with spastic paraparesis, seizures, or myoclonus. A third reason is that EOD often presents with neuropsychiatric features out-of-proportion to any cognitive deficits. Despite these obstacles, it is important to accurately diagnose EODs, particularly because they differ in management and course. Clinicians can successfully diagnose most EODs with careful cognitive and family histories, mental status and neurological examinations, and neuroimaging.
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Early-onset dementia differs from late-onset dementia in broader expression, pervasiveness of certain cognitive symptoms, severity of neuropsychiatric signs, and changes in character and behavior.
“What differentiates early-onset forms of the disease from late-onset forms are a broader spectrum of expression, pervasiveness of certain cognitive symptoms, severity of neuropsychiatric signs, and changes in character and behavior.10”
From The Unique Experience of Spouses in Early-Onset Dementia (2013) · cites this paper as [10]
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References 46 · Cited by 181
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 1992, International Classification of Diseases—10th Revision (ICD-10)
- Mendez MF, McMurtray A. Frontotemporal dementia-like phenotypes associated with presenilin-1 mutations. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disordance (in press).
Metadata
- Authors
- Mendez, M. F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mendez, Mario F.
- ORCID
- Mendez, Mario F.
- Venue
- The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 401-412
- ISSN
- 0033-278X (ISSN-L)
- 0091-2174
- 1541-3527
- OpenAlex
- W1998409634
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- early-onset dementia, misdiagnosis, differential diagnosis, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, traumatic brain injury, alcohol-related dementia, familial Alzheimer's disease, neuropsychiatric symptoms, neuroimaging, cognitive assessment, family history (medicine)
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Atrophy, Cerebral Cortex, Chromosome Aberrations, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia, Diagnosis, Differential, DNA Mutational Analysis, Dominance, Cerebral, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Presenilin-1
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