Evaluation and Mitigation of Racial Bias in Clinical Machine Learning Models: Scoping Review

Huang, Jonathan, Galal, Galal, Etemadi, Mozziyar, Vaidyanathan, Mahesh·2022·JMIR Medical Informatics

Cited by (191)

Items 101–191 of 191

  1. Technologies of antiblackness: Black matter, racial bias, and the haunting past of the spirometer
    Josef Barla · 2023 · Technology in Society
  2. Comparing the performance of screening surveys versus predictive models in identifying patients in need of health-related social need services in the emergency department
    Olena Mazurenko, Adam Todd Hirsh, Christopher A. Harle, Joanna Shen, Cassidy McNamee, Joshua Ryan Vest · 2024 · PLoS ONE
  3. Can Application of Artificial Intelligence Improve Emergency Department Triage Performance?
    Grzegorz Waligora, Robert Leigh Sherwin, Zachary P. Soucy · 2025 · Journal of Emergency Medicine
  4. Role and Use of Race in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Models Related to Health
    Martin Chieng Were, Ang Li, Bradley Malin, Zhijun Yin, Joseph Coco, Benjamin Xavier Collins, Ellen Wright Clayton, Laurie Lovett Novak, Rachele Hendricks‐Sturrup, Abiodun Oluyomi et al. · 2025 · Journal of Medical Internet Research
  5. The Perceived Roles of AI in Clinical Practice: National Survey of 941 Academic Physicians
    Anshul Ratnaparkhi, Simon Moore, Abhinav Suri, Bayard R. Wilson, Jacob A. Alderete, Timothy J. Florence, David Zarrin, David Berin, Rami Abuqubo, Kirstin Cook et al. · 2025 · JMIR AI
  6. American Life in Realtime: Benchmark, publicly available person-generated health data for equity in precision health
    Ritika R. Chaturvedi, Marco Angrisani, Wendy Troxel, Monika Jain, Tania Gutsche, Eva Ortega, Adrien Boch, Citina Liang, Shiyang Sima, Aziz M. Mezlini et al. · 2025 · PNAS Nexus
  7. Leveraging Large Language Models to Enhance Domain Expert Inclusion in Data Science Workflows
    Jasmine Y. Shih, Vishal Mohanty, Yannis Katsis, Hariharan Subramonyam · 2024 · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA)
  8. Addressing Racial Bias in AI: Towards a More Equitable Future
    Elisabetta Ferrara · 2025 · Smart innovation, systems and technologies
  9. Characterizing subgroup performance of probabilistic phenotype algorithms within older adults: a case study for dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
    Juan M. Banda, Nigam Haresh Shah, Vyjeyanthi S. Periyakoil · 2023 · JAMIA Open
  10. Emerging Challenges in Personalized Medicine: Assessing Demographic Effects on Biomedical Question Answering Systems
    Sagi Shaier, Kevin Bennett, Lawrence Hunter, Katharina Kann · 2023 · International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (IJCNLP-AACL)
  11. Uses of AI in Field of Radiology- What is State of Doctor & Pateints Communication in Different Disease for Diagnosis Purpose
    Roshan Kumar, Prachi Sood, Ravindra Kumar Nirala, Rajkumar Pradip Ade, Amle Vandana Sonaji · 2023 · Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology
  12. An Analysis of Ethical Dimension of Machine Learning Models in Software Defect Prediction in Healthcare Sector
    Mrignainy Kansal, Ritu Sibal, Pancham Ram · 2024 · Communications in computer and information science
  13. Development and evaluation of a machine learning model to predict acute care for opioid use disorder among Medicaid enrollees engaged in a community‐based treatment program
    Lingshu Xue, RuoFei Yin, Evan S. Cole, Wei‐Hsuan Lo‐Ciganic, Walid F. Gellad, Julie M. Donohue, Lu Tang · 2025 · Addiction
  14. Health Disparities and Precision Medicine
    Sherin Shaaban, Yuan Ji · 2025 · Advances in Molecular Pathology
  15. Scientific software as geopolitics: evidence of national attribution bias from a large-scale replication in bibliometrics
    Przemysław G. Hensel · 2025 · Scientometrics
  16. Artificial intelligence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: recent advances in imaging and physiological monitoring
    Christine Yang Zhou, M. Restko, Benjamin Freije, Robert M. Burkes · 2025 · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
  17. Evaluating sociodemographic bias in a deployed machine-learned patient deterioration model
    Michael Colacci, Chloé Pou-Prom, Arjumand Siddiqi, Muhammad Mamdani, Amol A. Verma · 2025 · JAMIA Open
  18. Evaluation and improvement of algorithmic fairness for COVID-19 severity classification using Explainable Artificial Intelligence-based bias mitigation
    Shayan Nejadshamsi, Charlene H. Chu, Katherine S. McGilton, Xiaoxiao Li, Charlene Ronquillo, Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi · 2025 · JAMIA Open
  19. Artificial intelligence in cardiovascular care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    Qi Chwen Ong, Chin‐Siang Ang, Iva Bojić, Casey L Johnson, Hesham Aggour, Fu Siong Ng, Josip Car, Paul Leeson, Judite Gonçalves, Nai Ming Lai · 2026 · EClinicalMedicine
  20. Confounders in Predictive Medical Models: Roles of Nationality and Immigrant Status
    Yury Rusinovich, Volha Rusinovich · 2024 · Web3 Journal ML in Health Science
  21. Reducing Bias in Pre-Trained Models by Tuning While Penalizing Change
    Niklas Penzel, Gideon Stein, Joachim Denzler · 2024 · International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP)
  22. Racial Differences in Accuracy of Predictive Models for High-Flow Nasal Cannula Failure in COVID-19
    Philip Yang, Ismail A. Gregory, Chad J. Robichaux, Andre L. Holder, Greg S. Martin, Annette M. Esper, Rishikesan Kamaleswaran, Judy Wawira Gichoya, Sivasubramanium V. Bhavani · 2024 · Critical Care Explorations
  23. Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimisation for Fairness-Aware Self Adjusting Memory Classifiers in Data Streams
    Pivithuru Thejan Amarasinghe, Diem Pham, Binh Tran, Su Nguyen, Yuan Sun, Damminda Alahakoon · 2024 · Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)
  24. A Meta-Analytic NLP-Driven Mapping of Fairness in Healthcare AI
    Rozita Tsoni, Manolis Koutouzis, Vassileios S. Verykios · 2025 · International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA)
  25. Lung Cancer in the New Era: Trends, Innovations, and Future Recommendations
    Mohd Munazzer Ansari, Shailendra Kumar, Md Belal Bin Heyat, Umair Tariq, Faijan Akhtar, Saba Parveen, Syed Hasan Saeed, Yang Li · 2026 · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
  26. Paging the algorithm: applying the Best Available Human principle to graduate medical education
    Daniel Beau Stamos, Ajay Dharod · 2026 · Academic Medicine
  27. Understanding and mitigating the impact of race with adversarial autoencoders
    Kathryn Sarullo, S. Joshua Swamidass · 2024 · Communications Medicine
  28. La inclusión de la diversidad en los sistemas de inteligencia artificial de soporte a decisiones sanitarias como manifestación del enfoque de derechos humanos
    Edison Ramiro Calahorrano Latorre · 2025 · Justicia &Derecho
  29. Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Brain Injury Assessment: Methodological Foundations and Clinical Insights
    Nicholas Simard, Michael D. Noseworthy · 2025 · Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
  30. Enhancing Model Generalizability in Medical Artificial Intelligence: Systematic Comparison of Categorical Encoding and Sampling Techniques for Imbalanced Data
    Chien-Wei Chuang, Chia-Kuan Wu, Chao-Hsin Wu, Ben‐Chang Shia, Mingchih Chen · 2026 · JMIR Medical Informatics
  31. Promise or Peril? Exploring Black Adults' Perspectives on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Contexts
    Andrea G. Parker, Laura Vardoulakis, Christina Harrington · 2026 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
  32. Strategies for mitigating artificial intelligence bias in healthcare: a systematic review
    Kais Gadhoumi, Rashaud Senior, Sijia Wei, Leila Ledbetter, Michael D. Green, Bethany D Bonner, Yvonne Mosley, Katie Seidler, Kristle Green, D M Lee et al. · 2026 · JAMIA Open
  33. Algorithmic bias in surgical risk prediction models and its impact on patient safety: a review
    Mohamed Mustaf Ahmed · 2026 · Patient Safety in Surgery
  34. GeHirNet: A Sex-Aware Hierarchical Model for Fair and Accurate Voice Pathology Classification
    Fan Wu, Kaicheng Zhao, Elgar Fleisch, Filipe Barata · 2026 · IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI)
  35. Mitigating Racial Bias in Health Care Algorithms: Improving Fairness in Access to Supportive Housing
    Krista R. Noam, Timothy J. Schmutte, Christopher T. Bory, Robert W. Plant · 2024 · Psychiatric Services
  36. Machine Learning in Medical Image Processing: Review of Methods and Outcomes
    Syaharuddin Syaharuddin · 2024 · CESS (Journal of Computer Engineering System and Science)
  37. HEALTH-ML: A Machine Learning Framework for Equity-Driven Public Health Outcome Prediction
    Jake Ekoniak, Marjan Asadinia · 2025 · IEEE Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)
  38. Comparing the influence of social risk factors on machine learning model performance across racial and ethnic groups in home healthcare
    Mollie Hobensack, Anahita Davoudi, Jiyoun Song, Kenrick Cato, Kathryn H. Bowles, Maxim Topaz · 2025 · Nursing Outlook
  39. Robust Fairness Vision-Language Learning for Medical Image Analysis
    Sparsh Bansal, Mingyang Wu, Xin Wang, Shu Hu · 2025 · IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (MIPR)
  40. White matter predictors of PTSD: Testing different machine learning models in a sample of Black American women
    Olivia C. Haller, Tricia Z. King, Mrinal Mathur, Jessica A. Turner, Chenyang Wang, Tanja Jovanović, Jennifer Strafford Stevens, Negar Fani · 2023 · Journal of Psychiatric Research
  41. Detecting and Processing Unsuspected Sensitive Variables for Robust Machine Learning
    Laurent Risser, Agustin Martin Picard, Lucas Hervier, Jean–Michel Loubes · 2023 · Algorithms
  42. A Survey of Bias Mitigation and Fairness Techniques in Responsible Artificial Intelligence Systems
    Harish Kant Pathak · 2026 · SSRN Electronic Journal
  43. Augmented Cognition: Life as we don't know it
    Inês Hipólito · 2023
  44. Ηθικά διλήμματα από την εφαρμογή της Τεχνητής Νοημοσύνης σε κλινικές μελέτες
    Γεώργιος-Χρυσοβαλάντης Σαργιώτης · 2023 · Bioethica
  45. Pro-DOBIE: A Protocol for Domain and Outcome Bias Exploration in Healthcare Machine Learning Models (Preprint)
    Matthew Davis, Alexander V. Alekseyenko · 2023
  46. Peer Review #1 of "A step toward building a unified framework for managing AI bias (v0.1)"
    2023 · PeerJ Computer Science
  47. Peer Review #2 of "A step toward building a unified framework for managing AI bias (v0.1)"
    2023 · PeerJ Computer Science
  48. Peer Review #2 of "A step toward building a unified framework for managing AI bias (v0.2)"
    2023 · PeerJ Computer Science
  49. Peer Review #2 of "A step toward building a unified framework for managing AI bias (v0.3)"
    2023 · PeerJ Computer Science
  50. Precision Medicine
    N. L. Swathi, M C Chakrabarti, Muhammad Muzzamil, Hiba Hamdar, Ahmad Jaber, Amarelle Chamoun, Fatima Al Amin, Pooja Rathod · 2024 · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series
  51. Improving Telemonitoring for Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Data-driven Investigation into improving Equity and AI models for Telemedicine
    Alexander Arndt Pasgaard Xylander · 2024
  52. Best of Both Worlds: Bridging One Model for All and Group-Specific Model Approaches using Ensemble-based Subpopulation Modeling.
    Purity Mugambi, Stephanie Carreiro · 2024 · PubMed Central
  53. Toward Mitigating Sex Bias in Pilot Trainees' Stress and Fatigue Modeling
    Rachel Pfeifer, Sudip Vhaduri, Mark Daniel Wilson, Julius C. Keller · 2024 · Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
  54. Race against the Machine Learning Courses
    R. Deshpande, Donald Mlombwa, Leo Anthony Celi, Jack Gallifant, Helen T. D’Couto · 2025 · ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology
  55. ChatGPT in complex adaptive healthcare systems: embrace with caution
    Anna-Karin Olsson, Erebouni Arakelian, Maria Lindberg, Camilla Göras, Martin Salzmann Erikson · 2025 · International Journal of Electronic Healthcare
  56. Foundations of Artificial Intelligence
    Vincent Morelli · 2025 · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice
  57. Biasbarrier a Fairness and Equity Filter for LLM Responses Under Algorithmic Accountability Acts
    Tinakaran Chinnachamy · 2025 · International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Technology.
  58. Equitable Diabetes Diagnosis: Tackling Ethnic and Gender Disparities
    Lívia Ruback, Luisa Felix, Ariel Soares Teles · 2025 · Simpósio Brasileiro de Bancos de Dados (SBBD)
  59. Development of a Mortality Prediction Model for Incarcerated Adults to Identify Palliative Care Needs
    William James Deardorff, Alexandra K. Lee, Kaiwei Lu, Bocheng Jing, W. John Boscardin, Michele DiTomas, John Dunlap, Brie A. Williams, Sei J. Lee, Alexander Kingsbury Smith · 2025 · Journal of General Internal Medicine
  60. Additional file 1 of Machine learning prediction of pathological complete response and overall survival of breast cancer patients in an underserved inner-city population
    Kevin Dell’Aquila, Abhinav Vadlamani, Takouhie Maldjian, Susan Fineberg, Anna Eligulashvili, Julie Chung, Richard Adam, Hodges, Laura, Wei Hou, Della Makower et al. · 2024 · Figshare
  61. Navigating Fairness in Healthcare: A Comparative Analysis of Single-Stage and Multi-Stage Bias Mitigation Strategies
    Farzaneh Dehghani, Pedro Paiva, Nikita Malik, Joanna Lin, Sayeh Bayat, Mariana Bento · 2025 · IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering - Companion (SANER-C)
  62. Quantifying the impact of a computer‐aided diagnostic score on the clinical diagnosis of functional seizures
    Wesley T. Kerr, Katherine N. McFarlane, Corinne H. Allas, Samuel W. Terman, Markus Reuber, Sung Hyun Seo, Payge A Barnard, Adriana Y. Koek, Amir H. Karimi, Siddhika S. Sreenivasan et al. · 2026 · Epilepsia
  63. A Scoping Review of Racial Bias Mechanisms and Mitigation Frameworks in Clinical Artificial Intelligence
    Aayush Sisodia · 2026 · Research Square
  64. Predicting Post-Stroke Aphasia Speech Performance from Multimodal Data with Explainable Machine Learning
    Shreya Parchure, Arnav Gupta, Apoorva S. Kelkar, Leslie Vnenchak, Olufunsho K. Faseyitan, John Dominic Medaglia, Denise Y. Harvey, H. Branch Coslett, Roy H. Hamilton · 2026 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  65. Change Penalized Tuning to Reduce Pre-trained Biases
    Niklas Penzel, G Stein, Joachim Denzler · 2026 · Communications in computer and information science
  66. Precision Psychiatry in the Age of AI
    Mohit Verma, Mirza Jahanzeb Beg · 2026 · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series
  67. Fairness in Breast Cancer Diagnosis with Deep Learning
    Laura Mata Le Bot, Sze Chai Kwok, Emmanuel Amankwaa-Frempong, Kofi Appiah · 2025 · IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops
  68. Reducing demographic bias in biomedical machine learning for cancer detection using cfDNA methylation
    Shuo Li, Weihua Zeng, Wenyuan Li, Chun-Chi Liu, Y. Zhou, Xiaohui Ni, Mary L. Stackpole, Angela Yeh, Andrew Melehy, David S. Lu et al. · 2026 · Genome biology
  69. When Artificial Intelligence Fails the Future: How Unchecked Artificial Intelligence Could Amplify Inequality in Medical Education
    Omar Allam, Ismail Ajjawi, Andrew Salib, Albert L. Rancu, Paula Flores Perez, Martin Kauke‐Navarro, Fortunay Diatta, Adnan Pršić, Paris D. Butler, Michael A. Alperovich · 2026 · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open
  70. DIGITAL CURIOSITY ABOUT FIBROMYALGIA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY AND READABILITY OF ChatGPT’S RESPONSES BASED ON GOOGLE TRENDS
    Emre Öney, Berk KORKUT, Fatma Merih Akpınar, Sina Arman, Demirhan Dıraçoğlu · 2026 · Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine / İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi
  71. Reporting of race and ethnicity in studies of artificial intelligence in pediatric urology
    Hyunwoong Harry Chae, David-Dan Nguyen, Adree Khondker, Mandy Rickard, Lauren Erdman, Andrew T. Gabrielson, Jin Kyu Kim, Jethro C.C. Kwong, Brian Chun, Tariq Abbas et al. · 2026 · Canadian Urological Association Journal
  72. Comparing regular expression and machine learning approaches to predict immigrant status from primary care electronic medical record data in Ontario, Canada
    Stephanie Garies, Christopher A. Meaney, Karen Weyman, Gary C. Bloch, Jessica L. Gronsbell, Nassim Vahidi-Williams, Ri Wang, Noah H. Crampton, Karen Tu, Andrew David Pinto · 2026 · PLOS Digital Health
  73. FairED: An Open Benchmarking Framework for Reproducible Evaluation of Algorithmic Fairness in Emergency Care Across Clinical Sites
    Xinnie Mai, Yunqian Liu, Yilin Ning, David A. Wacker, Mingquan Lin, Nan Liu, Michael A. Puskarich, Feng Xie · 2026 · Research Square
  74. Racial Bias Mechanisms and Mitigation Frameworks in Clinical Artificial Intelligence: A Structured Narrative Review
    Aayush Sisodia · 2026 · Research Square
  75. Sources of Bias in Clinical Artificial Intelligence and Applications in Rheumatology
    Megan Creasman, Augusto García-Agúndez, Jinoos Yazdany, Gabriela Schmajuk · 2026 · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America
  76. Machine learning–based prediction of adverse events following colorectal resection to guide optimal surgeon–hospital selection
    Drew Goldberg, Charles C. Horn, Isaac J. Perron, Jacob Walker Rosenthal, Gary E. Weissman, Rachel Rapaport Kelz · 2026 · The American Journal of Surgery
  77. Big Data Credit Scoring and MSME Credit Access: Evidence from Fintech Lending in Indonesia
    SETIYO PURWANTO, Nur Endah Retno Wuryandari, Didin Hikmah Perkasa, Abdy Kurniawan · 2026 · Financial Engineering
  78. Ethical considerations and privacy in artificial intelligence-driven metaverse healthcare
    Sony Katepaka, Avijit Bej, Anwesha Das, Arijit Nandi · 2026 · Elsevier eBooks
  79. El derecho a la información de la gestión de residuos textiles y protección de la autonomía del consumidor frente a sesgos en sistemas de IA a la luz de la legislación chilena
    Francisca Barrientos Camus, Edison Ramiro Calahorrano Latorre · 2026 · Revista Publicum
  80. Assessing the effect of race on machine learning models predicting hospital admissions from emergency department
    Aidan Licoppe, Lucy An, David Llewellyn Buckeridge, Antony Robert, James Man Git Tsui · 2026 · JAMIA Open
  81. Artificial-intelligence–based developmental screening for pre-school children (ages 3–6): a scoping review of deployed tools, clinical validity, equity, and implementation in guidance-center settings
    Adem Arslan, Fatih Gül · 2026 · Frontiers in Psychology
  82. Toward Fairness in Machine Learning Models for Predicting Treatment Retention and Premature Discontinuation in Medication for Opioid Use Disorder
    Tongnian Wang, Carolina Vivas-Valencia, Cici Bauer, Yanmin Gong, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, Yuanxiong Guo · 2026 · Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research
  83. Beyond Mallampati: From Universal Bedside Tests to Precision Airway Risk Stratification
    Daniele Salvatore Paternò, Luigi La Via, Flavia Arena, Francesca Barbagallo, Basilio Davide Lesina Calà, Emilia Concetta Lo Giudice, Rita Cataldo, Massimiliano Sorbello · 2026 · Journal of Personalized Medicine
  84. Comparing demographic and neural-network-based representations of the black–white mortality hazard gap
    Katsuya Oi · 2026 · Discover Public Health
  85. An Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Predicting School Dropout and Behavioral Risk in Underserved Youth
    Neha Jain, Ritam Rajak, Indrajit Ghosal, Piyali Roy Chowdhury · 2026 · Lecture notes in networks and systems
  86. Prediction of Rhinologic Surgery Within 90 Days Using Item‐Level SNOT‐22 Responses: A Multisite Machine Learning Study of 35,170 Patients
    Michael T. Sramek, Nitish Kumar, Shrinath Patel, Amar Miglani, Michael J. Marino, Devyani Lal · 2026 · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
  87. Explainable Artificial Intelligence Model for Real-Time Monitoring of Algorithmic Bias in Clinical Triage Systems Using Demographic Drift, Outcome Disparities, Prediction Confidence, and Referral Decision Patterns
    Sophie Laurent, Pierre Dubois, Marc A. Lefevre, Claire Moreau · 2026 · Journal of Health Informatics and Digital Systems
  88. Health Information Technology, Data, and Algorithms
    Sarah El‐Azab, Ian Moura, Paige Nong · 2026 · Wiley eBooks
  89. FairBound: Boundary-Preserving Fair Downsampling for Accurate and Equitable Imbalanced Classification
    Chrysostomos Kalousios, Kenji Kobayashi, Virginia Ghiara, Hiroya Inakoshi · 2026 · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
  90. Facial landmark detection accuracy of MediaPipe FaceMesh on Southeast Asian pediatric faces: Age-stratified NME analysis, ethnic-diversity implications, and protocol recommendations for clinical morphometry
    Hien Lam Thanh, Toan Do Nang, Cuong Huynh Huy, Thanh Tran Van · 2026 · Journal of Military Science and Technology
  91. Precision Social Medicine: Bridging the Gap Between Social Care and Health Systems Integration
    Jonathan M. Gabbay, Arvin Garg, Michael D. Cabana, Kevin P. Fiori · 2026 · Hospital Pediatrics