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Wahkohtowin in Action
Open accessAbstract
From a Canadian legal standpoint, a common concern expressed about Indigenous law is that it is difficult to track down. As Hadley Friedland summarizes, “even people who want to engage more deeply with Indigenous legal traditions struggle to understand how to do so.” In response, Friedland has proposed a case law method that allows Indigenous communities and legal practitioners to access Indigenous law. I believe the case law method can be valuable, but I hope to provide an illustration of the operation of Indigenous law by looking at how the Cree/Metis principle of wahkohtowin was infused through the work of the Maskwacîs Education Schools Commission (MESC). My work here does not attempt to describe in full how wahkohtowin operates as a legal principle within Maskwacîs. Rather, I focus on the central role wahkohtowin played in the largest institutional transformation the community has ever undertaken.
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In the citing paper
“A recent change to the educational structure within four First Nations communities demonstrated how Wâhkôhtowin facilitated the development of community leader governance.”
From Education Leadership in K-12 Systems from a Métis Worldview: Infusing Education Leadership with an Understanding of Wâhkôhtowin (2025) · cites this paper as Wildcat, 2018
In the citing paper
“Historical experiences with governmental bodies have made negotiations and collective agreements between First Nations communities difficult, so by agreeing to follow the principle of Wâhkôhtowin, the political leaders were able to succeed with creating a self-government education agreement.”
From Education Leadership in K-12 Systems from a Métis Worldview: Infusing Education Leadership with an Understanding of Wâhkôhtowin (2025) · cites this paper as Wildcat, 2018
In the citing paper
“As Wildcat (2018) stated, 'Wâhkôhtowin also includes the obligations and responsibilities people have to maintain good relationships' (p. 14).”
From Education Leadership in K-12 Systems from a Métis Worldview: Infusing Education Leadership with an Understanding of Wâhkôhtowin (2025) · cites this paper as Wildcat, 2018
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Replacing Exclusive Sovereignty with a Relational Sovereignty
Wildcat, M. (2020) · Borderlands Journal · doi:10.21307/borderlands-2020-014 · Cited by 6
Self-citationJarvis, S. (2023) · Adult Learning · doi:10.1177/10451595231187835 · Cited by 3
Chaulk, D. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l éducation · doi:10.53967/cje-rce.7521 · Cited by 1
Unifying Services to Students with Complex Needs Within a Newly Amalgamated School District
Miskolzie, M. L. (2020) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
The Land is Calling you home: Land based Pedagogy and Indigenous Cultural Resurgence
Godwin, A. (2026) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Wildcat, M.
- Corresponding author
- Wildcat, Matthew
- ORCID
- Wildcat, Matthew
- Venue
- Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel
- Publisher
- University of Alberta Libraries
- Published
- 2018-06-27
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 13
- ISSN
- 0847-3889 (ISSN-L)
- 1927-4165
- OpenAlex
- W2811405627
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
- Social Sciences › Law › Environmental law and policy
- Keywords
- indigenous law, Cree, Métis, Indigenous legal traditions, indigenous education, institutional change, legal pluralism
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Wahkohtowin in Action. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.21991/cf29362
- The paper
- Wildcat, M. (2018). Wahkohtowin in Action. Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel. https://doi.org/10.21991/cf29362