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The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines
Abstract
As computation continues to move into the cloud, the computing platform of interest no longer resembles a pizza box or a refrigerator, but a warehouse full of computers. These new large datacenters are quite different from traditional hosting facilities of earlier times and cannot be viewed simply as a collection of co-located servers. Large portions of the hardware and software resources in these facilities must work in concert to efficiently deliver good levels of Internet service performance, something that can only be achieved by a holistic approach to their design and deployment. In other words, we must treat the datacenter itself as one massive warehouse-scale computer (WSC). We describe the architecture of WSCs, the main factors influencing their design, operation, and cost structure, and the characteristics of their software base. We hope it will be useful to architects and programmers of today's WSCs, as well as those of future many-core platforms which may one day implement the equivalent of today's WSCs on a single board. Table of Contents: Introduction / Workloads and Software Infrastructure / Hardware Building Blocks / Datacenter Basics / Energy and Power Efficiency / Modeling Costs / Dealing with Failures and Repairs / Closing Remarks
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Citations
Cites
(2007) · doi:10.1145/1294261.1294281 · Cited by 3,447
Cited by
Chen, M., Mao, S., & Liu, Y. (2014) · Mobile Networks and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11036-013-0489-0 · Cited by 2,913
Dean, J., & Barroso, L. A. (2013) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/2408776.2408794 · Cited by 1,852
Self-citationLarge-scale cluster management at Google with Borg
Verma, A., Pedrosa, L., Korupolu, M., Oppenheimer, D., Tune, E., & Wilkes, J. (2015) · Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer Systems · doi:10.1145/2741948.2741964 · Cited by 1,468
Data Center Energy Consumption Modeling: A Survey
Dayarathna, M., Wen, Y., & Fan, R. (2016) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2481183 · Cited by 1,165
Toward Scalable Systems for Big Data Analytics: A Technology Tutorial
Hu, H., Wen, Y., Chua, T.-S., & Li, X. (2014) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2014.2332453 · Cited by 1,099
Metadata
- Authors
- Barroso, L. A., & Hölzle, U.
- Venue
- Synthesis lectures on computer architecture
- Publisher
- Morgan & Claypool Publishers
- Published
- 2009-01-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-108
- ISSN
- 1935-3235 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060204338
- Cited by
- 1,714
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 316.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Barroso, L. A., & Hölzle, U. (2009). The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines. Synthesis lectures on computer architecture. https://doi.org/10.2200/s00193ed1v01y200905cac006
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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