The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Origin of Multiple Molecular Forms in Urine of HNL/NGAL
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several molecular forms of human neutrophil lipocalin/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (HNL/NGAL), a novel biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI), have been found in urine. The origin of these different forms and the effect of antibody configuration on assay performances were investigated in this report. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: The molecular forms of HNL/NGAL from human neutrophils and present in urine obtained from cardiac surgery patients and patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as secreted from HK-2 cells, were studied by Western blotting. The levels of HNL/NGAL in urine were measured by ELISAs. Kidney injury was simulated by incubation of HK-2 cells under stressful conditions. RESULTS: The major molecular form of HNL/NGAL secreted by neutrophils is dimeric, whereas the major form secreted by HK-2 cells is monomeric. This was reflected by a predominance of the monomeric form in urine from patients with AKI and the dimeric form in patients with UTIs. The epitope specificities of the antibody used in the ELISAs had a profound effect on assay performance and paralleled differences of the antibodies to identify the different forms of urine HNL/NGAL. CONCLUSIONS: The monomeric form is the predominant form secreted by tubular epithelial cells, and the dimeric form is the predominant form secreted by neutrophils. The development of molecular form-specific assays for HNL/NGAL may be a means to identify the origin of HNL/NGAL in urine and construct more specific tools for the diagnosis of AKI.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mishra, J., Dent, C., Tarabishi, R., Mitsnefes, M. M., Ma, Q., Kelly, C., Ruff, S. M., Zahedi, K., Shao, M., Bean, J., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74811-x · Cited by 2,394
Mishra, J., Ma, Q., Prada, A., Mitsnefes, M., Zahedi, K., Yang, J., Barasch, J., & Devarajan, P. (2003) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000088027.54400.c6 · Cited by 1,749
Isolation and primary structure of NGAL, a novel protein associated with human neutrophil gelatinase
Kjeldsen, L., Johnsen, A. H., Sengeløv, H., & Borregaard, N. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82217-7 · Cited by 1,284
Mori, K., Lee, H. T., Rapoport, D., Drexler, I. R., Foster, K., Yang, J., Schmidt-Ott, K. M., Chen, X., Li, J. Y., Weiss, S., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23056 · Cited by 954
Dual Action of Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin
Schmidt-Ott, K. M., Mori, K., Li, J. Y., Kalandadze, A., Cohen, D. J., Devarajan, P., & Barasch, J. (2007) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2006080882 · Cited by 772
Urine NGAL Predicts Severity of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Study
Bennett, M., Dent, C. L., Ma, Q., Dastrala, S., Grenier, F., Workman, R., Syed, H., Ali, S., Barasch, J., & Devarajan, P. (2008) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04010907 · Cited by 765
Nickolas, T. L., O'Rourke, M. J., Yang, J., Sise, M. E., Canetta, P. A., Barasch, N., Buchen, C., Khan, F., Mori, K., Giglio, J., et al. (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00003 · Cited by 685
Cowland, J. B., & Borregaard, N. (1997) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4896 · Cited by 619
Mishra, J., Mori, K., Ma, Q., Kelly, C., Barasch, J., & Devarajan, P. (2004) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000078452 · Cited by 535
Dent, C. L., Ma, Q., Dastrala, S., Bennett, M., Mitsnefes, M. M., Barasch, J., & Devarajan, P. (2007) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc6192 · Cited by 483
Cited by
Kellum, J. A., Romagnani, P., Ashuntantang, G., Ronco, C., Zarbock, A., & Anders, H.-J. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00284-z · Cited by 1,741
Lipocalin 2: an emerging player in iron homeostasis and inflammation
Xiao, X., Yeoh, B. S., & Vijay-Kumar, M. (2017) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064559 · Cited by 426
Biomarkers in acute kidney injury – pathophysiological basis and clinical performance
Schrezenmeier, E. V., Barasch, J., Budde, K., Westhoff, T., & Schmidt‐Ott, K. M. (2017) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12764 · Cited by 401
A basic science view of acute kidney injury biomarkers
Charlton, J. R., Portilla, D., & Okusa, M. D. (2014) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gft510 · Cited by 286
Haase-Fielitz, A., Haase, M., & Devarajan, P. (2014) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/0004563214521795 · Cited by 272
Metadata
- Authors
- Cai, L., Rubin, J., Han, W., Venge, P., & Xu, S.
- Venue
- Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2229-2235
- ISSN
- 1555-9041 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119129699
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 11.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Origin of Multiple Molecular Forms in Urine of HNL/NGAL. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2215/cjn.00980110
- The paper
- Cai, L., Rubin, J., Han, W., Venge, P., & Xu, S. (2010). The Origin of Multiple Molecular Forms in Urine of HNL/NGAL. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.00980110
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
