Molecular Mechanisms of β-Lactam Resistance in Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Abstract
Alterations in the target enzymes for β-lactam antibiotics, the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), have been recognized as a major resistance mechanism in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mutations in PBPs that confer a reduced affinity to β-lactams have been identified in laboratory mutants and clinical isolates, and document an astounding variability of sites involved in this phenotype. Whereas point mutations are selected in the laboratory, clinical isolates display a mosaic structure of the affected PBP genes, the result of interspecies gene transfer and recombination events. Depending on the selective β-lactam, different combinations of PBP genes and mutations within are involved in conferring resistance, and astoundingly in non-PBP genes as well.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Applying the β-lactam hierarchy to S pneumoniae is a stronger assumption than for Gram-negative bacteria because β-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is more commonly due to β-lactamases that often follow this hierarchy, whereas β-lactam resistance in S pneumoniae is often due to mutations in penicillin binding protein.
“This is a stronger assumption for S pneumoniae than for the Gram-negative bacteria because the mechanism of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is more commonly β-lactamases76 that often follow this hierarchy. By contrast, β-lactam resistance in S pneumoniae is often due to mutations77 in the penicillin binding protein”
From Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050 (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 137 · Cited by 183
- Authors
- Hakenbeck, R., Brückner, R., Denapaite, D., & Maurer, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Kaiserslautern (DE)
- Venue
- Future Microbiology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 395-410
- ISSN
- 1746-0913 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-0921
- OpenAlex
- W2122784613
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Future Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1011/11-1, BR 947/5-1)
- European Union EU (LSHM-CT-2003-503413, 03335)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Keywords
- beta-lactam resistance, Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-binding proteins, interspecies gene transfer, recombination, clinical isolates, antibiotic resistance mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Pneumococcal Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-Lactam Resistance, Penicillin-Binding Proteins, beta-Lactams
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
