Cited by 29Indigenous Peoples' Rights and LawWater Resources and GovernanceWater Resource Management and Quality

Teoría y práctica de los derechos ancestrales de agua de las comunidades atacameñas

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Cuadra L., Manuel·2000·Estudios atacameños

Abstract

Desde los albores del siglo XX, la principal causa de la pérdida de las aguas de las comunidades aymaras y atacameñas del norte de Chile, fue la desprotección jurídica en que éstas quedaron como consecuencia de la subordinación del derecho consuetudinario indígena al derecho positivo estatal, en un escenario de creciente demanda de esos recursos para abastecer a los centros mineros y las ciudades de la zona. Esta situación cambió, a lo menos en parte, con la dictación de la Ley N° 19.253 de 1993, más conocida como Ley Indígena, que reconoció los derechos de agua de propiedad ancestral de las comunidades aymaras y atacameñas, permitiendo su regularización. En la primera parte de este trabajo, me referiré al aludido conflicto entre derecho indígena y derecho estatal, y luego analizaré las implicancias del reconocimiento legal de aquellos derechos ancestrales. En la segunda parte, expondré algunos aspectos del primer programa de regularización de los derechos de agua de las comunidades atacameñas, cuya ejecución me encargó la Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indígena (CONADI), entre los años 1994 y 1999.AbstractSince the beginning of the twentieth century, the principal cause of water loss from the Aymaras and Atacameñas communities of the north of Chile, has been juridical deregulation. The juridical deregulation is a consequence of the subordination of the customary indigene right to the positive State right, in a scenario of increasing demand of this resource from miner’s centers and the cities of the zone. This situation changed, at least in part, with the dictation of the Law N° 19.253 in 1993, known as the Indigene Law, which recognized the wáter rights as ancestral property of the aymaras and atacameñas communities, allowing their regularization. The first part of my work is referred to the conflict between indigene rights and estatal rights, and to the implication of the legal recognition of the water’s ancestral rights. In the second part, you will find aspects of the first regularization program of water rights of atacameñas communities, whose execution was entrusted to me by the National Corporation of Indigene Development, between the years 1994 and 1999.

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Crossref · 10.22199/s07181043.2000.0019.00005

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  • Strong pressure from mining companies to extract groundwater from Atacama territory has created situations that threaten the legitimate existence of water rights.

    “In this regard, the same lawyer emphasized that situations that threaten the legitimate existence of water rights have arisen in recent years. This is because of the strong pressure from mining companies to extract groundwater from Atacama territory (Cuadra 2000:111).”

    From Mining companies, indigenous communities, and the state: the political ecology of lithium in Chile (Salar de Atacama) and Argentina (Salar de Olaroz-Cauchari) (2022) · cites this paper as Cuadra 2000:111

    The Conclusions state that recent pressure from mining companies to extract groundwater in Atacama threatens the legitimate exercise of ancestral water rights. The citing sentence changes “exercise” to “existence”; the same passage says most of those rights had been judicially recognized and registered, so it does not support that distinction. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • The vast majority of ancestral water rights of the Atacama communities were judicially recognized and registered, with 70 rights in favor of 18 indigenous organizations for a total flow of 2,278.8 L/s.

    “The lawyer who assisted CONADI pointed out that the vast majority of ancestral water rights of the Atacama communities were judicially recognized and registered (70 rights in favor of 18 indigenous organizations, for a total flow of 2,278.8 L/s) (Cuadra 2000: 111).”

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. BARRIENTOS, J. y A. DOUGNAC, 1993. Jurisprudencia In diana sobre el Derecho de Aguas, I: Tumos, Revista de D e recho de Aguas vol. IV: 127-153, Instituto de D erecho de M inas y Aguas, Universidad de Atacama. CASTRO, M., 1997. Agua, derechos y cultura en los A ndes del norte de Chile. Un enfoque desde la antropología jurídica. C hungará vol. 2 9 (1 ): 63-80.
  2. CUNEO VIDAL, R., 1977. Obras Completas, Historia de la ci vilización peruana, Tomo I, Ignacio Prado Pastor, (Ed.) Lima, Perú.

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Authors
Cuadra L., M.
Venue
Estudios atacameños
Published
2000-03-02
Issue
19
Pages
93-112
ISSN
  • 0716-0925 (ISSN-L)
  • 0718-1043
OpenAlex
W2258499433
Cited by
29
References
0
Citations by year
2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
es
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Estudios Atacameños Arqueología y antropología surandinas (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Law › Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law
  • Social Sciences › Law › Water Resources and Governance
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Resource Management and Quality
Keywords
Indigenous water rights, Aymara communities, mining water use, water conflicts, indigenous customary law, northern Chile, water scarcity

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