The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Automatic Street Light Control System
Open accessAbstract
The system automatically switches ON lights when sunlight goes below the visible region and switches OFF them when sunlight returns, reducing manual work and energy use.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This paper presents a conceptual design for an automatic street light controller using an IR sensor, Arduino, and relay to turn lights on when vehicles or pedestrians are detected and off otherwise. It claims energy, cost, and safety benefits but reports no experimental measurements or deployment results.
Key findings
- The proposed system detects objects with an IR sensor and uses an Arduino to activate a relay, switching LED streetlights on only during detected activity and off when the area is clear.
- The paper asserts that this approach conserves energy, reduces municipal lighting costs, and improves safety and visibility, but it provides no measured savings, traffic counts, or field trial data.
- It lists future possibilities including adaptive lighting, smart-city integration, environmental monitoring, wireless connectivity, machine learning, renewable energy integration, and security enhancements.
- No quantitative outcomes are reported; the text contains no energy-consumption figures, cost savings, or performance comparisons.
Methods
- The work is a descriptive project report describing a prototype design with an Arduino Uno, IR sensor module, relay module, LED/street light, and connecting wires; an optional light intensity sensor is mentioned.
- Operation is described as: the Arduino reads the IR sensor, sends a high signal to the relay when an object is detected to turn the light on, and sends a low signal to turn it off when no object is detected, with delay/timeout logic to avoid rapid toggling.
- No sample, dataset, statistical analysis, or comparative testing is described; the paper includes component explanations and a code snippet rather than an experimental evaluation.
Limitations
- The paper does not state limitations. Evident from the text: there is no experimental validation, no measured energy savings, no field deployment, and no comparison against manual or timer-based control.
- Evident from the text: component descriptions are inconsistent across sections—the abstract mentions a transistor switch and IR sensor, the introduction mentions an LDR, and the methodology/implementation center on an IR sensor with Arduino.
- Evident from the text: the optional ambient light sensor and many future features are proposed but not implemented or tested.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
11 No basis given · 8 Own interpretation
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple and powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch to switch ON and OFF the street light automatically.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > INTRODUCTION
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this project, no need of manual operation like ON time and OFF time setting.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When no motion is detected for a predefined timeout period, the software turns off the street lights by deactivating the digital output pin.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > D. Battery
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The automatic street light control system using an IR sensor and Arduino operates on the principle of detecting the presence or absence of vehicles or pedestrians using an IR (Infrared) sensor.”
- Also stated in: § D. Battery · plain
“The automatic street light system using an IR sensor and Arduino is designed to efficiently control street lighting based on the presence or absence of vehicles or pedestrians.”
- Also stated in: § CONCLUSIONS · plain
“The system utilizes an IR sensor to detect the presence of vehicles or pedestrians, triggering the Arduino to control the street lights accordingly.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > IV.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § D. Battery · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cost-effectiveness: By automating the street lights based on real-time sensor data, the project optimizes the usage of lighting systems, resulting in reduced energy costs for the municipality or organization responsible for the street lights.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > CONCLUSIONS
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 7
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“It automatically switches OFF lights whenever the sunlight comes, visible to our eyes.”
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
“It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When an object is detected by the IR sensor, the relay module will be activated, and the street light or LED module will turn on.”
- Also stated in: § 1) IR Sensor: · plain
“The IR sensor detects the presence of vehicles or pedestrians, which triggers the arduino to activate the relay module, turning on the streetlights.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > 2) Adjust the sensitivity of the IR sensor if necessary.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § 1) IR Sensor: · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This project clearly demonstrates the working of transistor in saturation region and cut-off region.”
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
“This project exploits the working of a transistor in saturation region and cut-off region to switch ON and switch OFF the lights at appropriate time with the help of an electromagnetically operated switch.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > Abstract
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is done by a sensor called infrared sensor (IR) which senses the light actually like our eyes.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When no object is detected, the relay module will be deactivated, and the street light or LED module will turn off.”
- Also stated in: § 2) Adjust the sensitivity of the IR sensor if necessary. · plain
“When no object is detected, the Arduino receives a low signal from the sensor and deactivates the relay module, turning off the street light or LED module.”
- Also stated in: § 1) IR Sensor: · plain
“When there is no detection by the IR sensor, the microcontroller sends a signal to the relay module to switch off the lights.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > 2) Adjust the sensitivity of the IR sensor if necessary.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 2) Adjust the sensitivity of the IR sensor if necessary. · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By using this system manual works are 100% removed.”
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
“By using this system manual works are removed.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > INTRODUCTION
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, the system can be customized to include additional features, such as adjusting the brightness of the street lights based on ambient light conditions.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By combining the IR sensor, Arduino board, and the described software logic, the automatic street light system can effectively control the lighting based on the presence or absence of vehicles or pedestrians, improving energy efficiency and enhancing safety in the area.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > D. Battery
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, the automatic street light using an IR sensor and Arduino is an efficient and practical mini project.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ease of Installation: The project can be implemented relatively easily, requiring minimal hardware components such as an IR sensor, Arduino board, and appropriate wiring.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, the automatic street light system using an IR sensor and Arduino provides an effective solution for energy-efficient and intelligent street lighting, contributing to improved safety, cost savings, and reduced environmental impact.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > CONCLUSIONS
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because nowadays the manually operated street lights are not switched off even the sunlight comes and also switched on earlier before sunset.”
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
“By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now-a-days the manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before sunset.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even when sunlight comes and not switched on earlier before sunset.
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scalability and Customization: The project can be scaled up to cover larger areas by deploying multiple IR sensors and Arduino boards.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > CONCLUSIONS
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
The IR sensor emits infrared radiation and measures the reflection or interruption of the emitted beam to determine if an object is present or not.
“It emits infrared radiation and measures the reflection or interruption of the emitted beam to determine If an object is present or not.”
The paper relies on this without support.
LED streetlights consume less power compared to traditional streetlights.
“They are usually energy-efficient LED lights that consume less power compared to traditional streetlights.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In sunny and rainy days, ON time and OFF time differ significantly, which is a major disadvantage of using timer circuits or manual.
“In sunny and rainy days, ON time and OFF time differ significantly which is one of the major disadvantage of using timer circuits or manual .”
The paper relies on this without support.
Manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even when sunlight comes and not switched on earlier before sunset.
“nowadays the manually operated street lights are not switched off even the sunlight comes and also switched on earlier before sunset.”
“now-a-days the manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before sunset.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > Abstract
“It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > 2) Adjust the sensitivity of the IR sensor if necessary.
“When no object is detected, the relay module will be deactivated, and the street light or LED module will turn off.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > II.
“In [5], have implemented design of traffic flow based street light control system with effective utilization of solar energy in the year 2015.”
§ Automatic Street Light Control System > References
“5. STREET LIGHT MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM, MR. ABDUL LATIF SALEEM, RAJA SAGAR R, SACHIN DATTA N S, SACHIN H S, USHA M S, 2022, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH.”
Citations
Cites
A real time street lighting control system
Kadirova, S., & Kajtsanov, D. (2017) · 2017 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems (ELMA) · doi:10.1109/elma.2017.7955426 · Cited by 12
An Intelligent Lightening System for Power Saving Applications
Sekhar, A., & Kanth, B. (2014) · doi:10.14445/22315381/ijett-v13p201 · Cited by 11
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [4]4. IOT BASED STREETLIGHT CONTROLLING SYSTEM, J.S. PRIYADHARSHINI, DR. R.VISHNUPRIYA, P. PARVATHI, 2022, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
- [5]5. STREET LIGHT MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM, MR. ABDUL LATIF SALEEM, RAJA SAGAR R, SACHIN DATTA N S, SACHIN H S, USHA M S, 2022, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH.
- [6]6. AUTOMATIC SMART STREET LIGHT, MOHAMAD HAKIMI ZULLKUFFLI, 2022, MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPLIED RESEARCH AND INNOVATION VOL. 3 NO. 1 (2022) 497- 503.
- [7]7. SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT AND STREET LIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PRABHAKAR SHARMA, SHUBHIKA JAIN, URJABAGGA, DR. PRASHANT PANSE, 2022, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mohandas, P., Dhanaraj, J. S. A., & Gao, X.-Z. (2019) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101499 · Cited by 111
Iot based smart and adaptive lighting in street lights
(2017) · doi:10.1109/iccct2.2017.7972267 · Cited by 63
Metadata
- Authors
- R, C. S., Raj, B. B., N, S. Y., & R, A.
- Venue
- International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
- Published
- 2023-06-30
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 4593-4601
- ISSN
- 2321-9653 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4382791471
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Arduino and IoT Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Engineering and Technology Innovations
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › IoT-based Smart Home Systems
- Keywords
- automatic street lighting, light dependent resistor, infrared sensors, transistor switching, energy conservation, optical sensing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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