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The double engines and single checkpoint theory of endometriosis
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.3390/biomedicines10061403 · Paper page
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common chronic disease of women characterized by ectopic localization of the endometrial tissue in the peritoneal cavity. The pathogenesis of endometriosis closely resembles that of gynecological cancers in ways of menstruation- and ovulation-driven, wide intraperitoneal seeding, somatic hypermutation, and immune escape. While retrograde menstruation is regarded as the primary cause of endometriosis, the role of ovulation in the development of endometriosis has long been overlooked. We present the double engines, one checkpoint theory of the evolution of endometriosis. This new theory may lead to new concepts and strategies for preventing and treating this disease.
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References 121 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Hsu, C.-F., Khine, A. A., Huang, H.-S., & Chu, T.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Tzu Chi Foundation (TW)
- Tzu Chi University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Hsu, Che-Fang
- Venue
- Biomedicines
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-02-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1403-1403
- ISSN
- 2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9219825
- OpenAlex
- W4282914803
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST110-2314-B303-008, MOST 107?, MOST107-2314-B303-013-MY3)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- endometriosis, retrograde menstruation, ovulation, endometrioma, peritoneal endometriosis, hypermutation, neoantigens, PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint, immune evasion, immune checkpoint blockade, carcinogenesis
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